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THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA. 



By Frederick B. Richards, A. B., Glens Falls, N. Y. 



A residence of ten \' ui , in Ticonderoga inspired me with an 
appreciation of the histoiy of that most historic spot in America, 
and when as secretary of the Ticonderoga Historical Society I 
was largely instrumental in securing the erection of the Black 
Watch Memorial in that village, I became particularly interested 
in the record of that famous Highland Regiment which this build- 
ing commemorates. 

It has for several years been my wish to M'rite so complete an 
account of the Black Watch at Ticonderoga that one would need 
look in no other place for any detail in the history of that regi- 
ment from the time it left Scotland inl756 until after the capture 
of Ticonderoga by Amherst in 1759. As a meeting of the New York 
State Historical Association on Lake Champlain seemed an appro- 
priate time to present such a paper and the printed histories of 
that period give only meagre accounts on this subject, Mrs. Rich- 
ards and I made this an excuse for a trip to the British Isles and 
a large part of August and September was spent on a Black Watch 
pilgrimage. We had a very enjoyable trip and gained many in- 
teresting facts but I am sorry to say that the story is still far from 
complete. 

The reason for the lack of more detailed information about the 
Regiment in the Ticonderoga period is found in the following which 
is copied from the preface of Stewart of Garth's first edition: 

■'The origin of these Sketches and ^Military Details was simply 
this : When the Forty-second regiment was removed from Dublin 
to Donaghadee in the year 1771, the baggage was sent round by 
sea. The vessel having it on board was unfortunately driven on 
shore by a gale of wind, and wrecked ; the greater part of the cargo 
and baggage was lost, and the portion saved, especially the regi- 



2 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

mental books and records, was much injured. A misfortune some- 
what similar occurred, when the army, under the Earl of Moira, 
landed at Ostend in June 1794. The transports were ordered 
round to Helvoetsluys. with ordere to wait the further movements 
of the troops. But the vessels had not been long- there, when the 
enemy invaded Holland in great force, and. entering Helvoetsluys. 
seized on the transports in the harbour. Among the number of 
vessels taken were those which had conveyed the Forty-second to 
Flanders, having on board every article of regimental baggage, ex- 
cept the knapsacks with which the officers and soldiers had landed 
at Ostend in light marching order. Along with the baggage, a well- 
selected library, and, what was more to be regretted, all that re- 
mained of the historical records of the regiment, from the period 
of its formation till the year 1793, fell into the hands of the enemy. 

"After the conclusion of the late war, his Royal Highness, the 
Commander-in-Chief, directed that the Forty-second should draw 
up a record of its services, and enter it in the regimental books, for 
the information of those who should afterwards belong to the 
corps. As none of the officers who had served previously to the 
loss of the records in 1794 were then in the regiment, some diffi- 
culty arose in drawing up the required statement of service; in- 
deed, to do so correctly was found impossible, as. for a period of 
fifty-four years previous to 1793, the materials were very defective. 
In this situation, the conmianding officer, in the year 1817, re- 
quested me to supply him with a few notices on the subject." 

It seemed to have been the custom in the British army of that 
period for a Regiment to carry its entire belongings with it from 
place to place and the unfortunate practice has swept from exist- 
ence every trace of the Regimental records of the Black Watch of 
Ticonderoga. 

It may be readily seen that if Colonel Stewart who had all the 
information in 1817 which the British government was able to sup- 
ply and who was also fortunate in having had an intimate ac- 
quaintance during his service in the Regiment with officers who 
have served almost from its formation, was unable to write a com- 
plete record, the task nearly one hundred years later might be con- 
sidered well nigh hopeless. There was the hope, however, that some 
record which was then lost might have been discovered since Colonel 



Gift 




Photo by S R. Stoddard. Glens Falls 

1910 MEETING N. Y. S HIST. ASSN 

An Evening Meeting on the Steamer Vermont 
The '" Pulpitania Carrying Excursionists From Steamer to Old Fort Ti 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 3 

Stewart's time or that interesting matter might be found in the 
archives of the families who had sons in the Black Watch of 1758. 
It is a fact that only recently the regimental records of the Black 
Watch of two decades later were found in an old second-hand book 
store in Portsmouth and, it is still possible that the regimental 
records of 1758-9, which are now lost, may yet come to light. 

We find that nearly all the histories of the Highland Regiments 
follow Stewart of Garth nearly word for word in their accounts of 
the early history of the Black Watch. A notable exception, how- 
ever, is "A Military History of Perthshire," which has much 
that is new. There are also inany interesting letters and other 
records in "The Chronicles of the Atholl and Ttillibardiue Fami- 
lies," relating to the service of those of the Black Watch who came 
from the Atholl Family or estate, and at London we found some 
dispatches in the Public Record Office in the War Department 
wjiich I have not seen published. Tbe chief merit, however, if any, 
which I can claim for this address is that while it does not add 
much that is new, it does, I think, collect in one article nearly all 
that is known about the Black Watch of the Ticonderoga period. 

I might say here, also, that whatever was lacking in in- 
formation was more than made up by the cordiality of our recep- 
tion, as we found nearly every Scotchman interested in the oldest 
Highland Regiment of the British Army and glad to help us in any 
way possible. We are under special obligation, which I here wish to 
acknowledge, to Lt. Col. Hugh Rose, the present connuander of 
the First Battalion of the Black Watch ; Major D. L. Wilson Far- 
quhareon, D. S. 0., who represented the Regiment at the unveiling 
of the memorial tablet at Ticonderoga, July 4, 1906, now retired 
and living at Allargue in Aberdeenshire, the home of the Farqu- 
harson's for many generations; W. Skeoch Cumming of 
Edinburgh, artist and authority on Scotch costumes and 
tartans of the 18th century; Mrs. Campbell of Duustaffnage, 
present owner of old Inverawe House; the Marchioness of Tulli- 
bardine, editor of "A Military History of Perthshire," and the 
Duke of Atholl, present head of the Clan Murray, Honorary Col- 
onel of the Third Battalion of the Black Watch and compiler of the 
''Chronicles of the Atholl and Tullibardine Families." 

Before proceeding to the Black Watch of Ticonderoga, it would 
perhaps be well to give a brief historj^ of the Regiment. There is 



4 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

considerable difference of opinion as to just when the independent 
companies which were afterwards to become the present regiment 
of the line were raised. The earliest record I have seen is that on 
the 3rd of August, 1667, King Charles II issued a commission under 
the Great Seal to John, second Earl of Atholl "to raise and keep 
such a number of men as he should think fit to be a constant guard 
for securing the peace in the Highlands" and "to watch upon the 
braes. "1 

Prom this time until 1739 the Black Watch was in various 
stages of formation. 2 

It was at the period of the independent companies that the 
name Black Watch was given— Black from the sombre tartan in 
contrast to the regular soldiers who at that time had coats, waist- 
coats and breeches of scarlet cloth, and Watch because their duties 
were to watch or keep order in the Highlands. The character of 
the rank and file of the Black Watch of this period was exceedingly 
high, many gentlemen with servants serving as privates, and in ad- 
dition to the enlistment being from the best families it was also pos- 
sible to select only "men of full height, well proportioned and of 
handsome appearance." There were several reasons for this, the 
principal one being probably the fact that at that period the car- 
rying of arms was prohibited by penalties and it became an "ob- 
ject of ambition with all the young men of spirit to be admitted 
even as privates into a service which gave them the privilege of 
wearing arms. ' ' Our interest in the Black Watch, however, is prin- 
cipally in the Regiment of the line as such and this dates from the 
commission given by George II, October 25, 1739, as follows: 

"GEORGE R.— Whereas we have thought fit, that a regiment 
of foot be forthwith formed under your command, and to consist 
of ten companies, each to contain one captain, one lieutenant, one 
ensign, three Serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and one 
hundred effective private men; which said regiment shall be part- 
ly formed out of six Independent Companies of Foot in the High- 
lands of North Britain, three of which are now commanded by 
captains, and three by captain-lieutenants. Our will and pleasure 
therefore is, that one serjeant, one corporal, and fifty private men, 
be forthwith taken out of the three companies commanded by cap- 
tains, and ten private men from the three commanded by captain- 

1 A Military History of Pertiishire, Page 28. 

The most complete account of the independent companies may be 
found in "A Military History of Perthshire." 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 5 

■lieutenants, making one hundred and eighty men, who are to be 
equally distributed into the four companies hereby to be raised; 
and the three Serjeants and three corporals, draughted as afore- 
said, to be placed to such of the four companies as you shall judge 
proper; and the remainder of the non-commissioned officers and 
private men, wanting to complete them to the above number, to be 
raised in the Highlands with all possible speed ; the men to be na- 
tives of that country, and none other to be taken. 

This regiment shall commence and take place according to the 
establishment thereof. And of these our orders and commands, 
you, and the said three captains, and the three captain-lieutenants 
commanding at present the six Independent Highland Companies, 
and all others concerned, are to take notice, and to yield obedience 
thereunto accordingly. 

G-iven at om* Court at St. James's, this 25th day of October, 
1739, and in the 13th year of our reign. 

By His Majesty's Command, 

(Signed) : Wm. Yonge. 
To our Right Trusty and Right Well- 
Beloved Cousin. John Earl of 
Craufurd and Lindsay. 

May, 1740, these ten companies were mustered in a field be- 
twieen Taybridge and Aberfeldy and became the 43d Foot of the 
British Army.^ This number was changed to the 42d in 1749. 
There have been several changes of the official name of the Regi- 
ment but the "Black Watch" was always the familiar one in the 
country where it has drawn its recruits and since 1881 has been 
the official name in the British Army List.^ 

The uniform of this period was a "scarlet jacket and waist- 
coat, with buff facings and white lace, tartan plaid of twelve yards 
plaited round the middle of the body, the upper part being fixed 
on the left shoulder, ready to be thrown loose and w,rapped over 
both shoulders and firelock m rainy weather. At night, the plaid 
served the purpose of a blanket, and was a sufficient covering for 
the Highlanders. These were called belted plaids, from being kept 
tight to the body by a belt, and were worn on guards, reviews, and 
on all occasions when the men were in full dress. On this belt 
hung the pistols and dirk when worn. In the barracks, and when 
not on duty, the little kilt or philibeg was worn, a blue bonnet with 



iSee Appendix for list of officers. 

2 See Appendix for tlie regimental names of the Black Watch at differ- 
ent periods. 



6 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

a border of white, red, and green, arranged in small squares to re- 
semble, as is said, the fess cheque in the arms of the different 
branches of the Stewart family, and a tuft of feathers, or some- 
times, from economy or necessity, a small piece of black bearskin. 
The arms were a mujsket, a bayonet, and a large basket-hilted 
broadsword. These were furnished by Government; such of the 
men as chose to supply themselves with pistols and dirks were al- 
lowed to carry them, and targets after the fashion of the country. 
The sword-belt was of black leather, and the cartouch-box was car- 
ried in front, supported by a narrow belt round the middle."^ 

"While the companies acted independently, each commander 
assumed the tartan of his own Clan. When embodied, no clan hav- 
ing a superior claim to offer an uniform plaid to the whole, and 
Lord CraM^ford, the colonel, being a Lowlander, a new pattern 
was assumed, and which has ever since been known as the 42d, or 
Black Watch tartan, being distinct from all others. Lord John 
Murray gave the Athole tartan for the philibeg. The dift'erence 
was only a stripe of scarlet, to distinguish it from that of the 
belted plaid. The pipers wore a red tartan of very bright colours, 
(of the pattern known by the name of the Stewart or Royal Tar- 
tan), so that they could be more clearly seen at a distance. When 
a band of music was added, plaids of the pipers' pattern Avere given 
to them. "2 

Having given briefly the origni of the Regiment, we will pass 

to the period which is the subject of our article. 

May, 1756, war having been formally declared between France 
and England, a body of troops, the Highlanders forming a part, 
were embarked under the command of Lieut. General James Aber- 
crombie and landed at New York, June, 1756. These were soon 
followed by more troops under the Earl of Loudon who was ap- 
pointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army of America. 

The official name of the Regiment at this time was the 42d 
Regiment of Foot, but they are often spoken of in dispatches 
simply as the Highlanders, because they were the only Highland 
Regiment then in this section, or as Lord John Murray's High- 
landers from the custom of the times of calling a Regiment by the 



J Stewart of Garth, Page 246, Vol. I. 
2 Stewart of Garth, Page 247, Vol. I. 




'•' ^1 







€RrNAD!£P. , 4S''* Hect J751. 

( /'to'n. a. painting a£ Windsor C<s^l&- J 



Grenadier Bearskin with Scarlet Visor: White Stock; Scarlet Jacket and Waistcoat with White Lace 
Trimmings. Silver Buttons and Buff Collar and Cuffs; Black Leather Sword Belt; and Cartouch-Box and 
Belt: Tan Leather Sporran: Murray of Atholl Belted Plaid: Red and White Hose and Black Leather Shoes 

This is the Same Uniform Worn by the Other Companies of the Black Watch in 1758 Except the Head 
Dress was Blue Bonnet, With Checkered Border and Tuft of Feathers and Black Watch Tartan Belted Plaid 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 7 

Dame of its Honorary Colonel. The commander of the Black 
Watch at this time was Lieut. Col. Francis Grant, son of the Laird 
of Grant, who had served in the Regiment from the time 
he had received his commission as Ensign, October 25, 1739. 
He was made Lieutenant Colonel December 17, 1755 and was in 
command of the Regiment all through the American campaign. 
The only other officer who had served continuously from the for- 
mation of the Regiment in 1739 was Gordon Graham of Drainie. 
who in 1756 was senior captain. 

The record of the Regiment from the landnig in June, 1756, 
until the battle of July, 1758, is exceedingly meagre. In fact noth- 
ing of importance was done by the whole army. As one author 
puts it "Loudon was so engrassed in schemes for improving the 
condition of his men that he seemed to have no time for employing 
them ag-ainst the enemy." The following extract from a letter 
from the Earl of Loudon to William Pitt dated New York, March 
10th. 1757, will illustrate the method of quartering troops of that 
period. 

' ' In the end of your letter you have acquainted me, that words 
shall be inserted, in the mutiny act to take away every doubt about 
the Right of Quartering extending to America. 

^'When I writ on that subject, I was but just arrived, and the 
troops were mostly encamped. Since that I have had disputes to 
settle, all over this Continent, in settling the winter quarters for 
the Troops from whence I find, that the manner of quartering iu 
England, as in time of peace, on Publick Houses only, will in no 
shape answer the intent in this country, for here there are few Pub- 
lick Houses and most of them sell nothing but spirits, where tliey 
possess only one room in which they sell the liquor, where men 
cannot be quartered. 

V AVhilst the war lasts, necessity will justify exceeding that rule, 
as Troops must be under cover, m the places where it is necessary 
to post them, for the security of the country and carrying on the 
service, but as soon as a peace comes, it will, by the English rule, 
be impossible to quarter any number of Troops, in this country, 
without a new regulation, and the only remedy that occurs to me at 
present, is adopting the method of quartering m Scotland, where 
for the same reason of there, not being Publick Houses sufficient 



8 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

for the reception of Troops they are by law quartered on private 
houses. 

"l must beg leave to give you one instance of the situation of 
quarters here. When I arrived at Albany, I do not believe it was 
possible to have quartered Fifty men on that town, on all the Pub- 
lick Houses in it, and taking a full survey of it, I found that by 
quartering on the Private Houses, I can, without incommoding 
them, in the parts of their houses, in which they live, quarter Four- 
teen Hundred men, and for a short tune, in case of necessity, I 
could quarter Two thousand. I have mentioned this to show you 
wiiat the situation of all the Frontier Places, in this country, that 
are liable to attacks, must be, if quartering is likely to be kept to, 
on Publick Houses only. 

"On the 10th instant arrived the Harriet Packet which brought 
me the duplicates of your letters of the 9th and 11th of January, 
and the next day came in here His Majesty's ship the Hampshire 
commanded by Captain Norbury, having under his convoy the nine 
additional companies of the Highlanders,* who had a passage of 
twelve weeks from Cork, and met with very bad weather; of this 
convoy there were missing on his arrival in this Port, the Arundal 
and Salisbury Transports. The last we have, since, accounts of 
her getting into Rhode Island. 

''The Troops being sickly, I have cantooned them in villages ad- 
jacent to this Port, for the sake of fresh provisions and vegetables." 
In the published histories of the time it is stated that the ' ' 42d 
remained inactive in or near Albany during 1756 and that through- 
out the winter and spring of the following year the men were drill- 
ed and disciplined for bush fighting and markmanship, a species 
of warfare for which they were well fitted, being for the most part 
good shots and experts in the management of arms." 

From the following letters found in the Public Record Office 
m London the quarters for the winter of 1756-7 were probably at 
Schenectady. Extract from letter from Loudon to Pitt, New York, 
25th April, 1757, "The Highlanders were set in motion from Sche- 
nectady * * * they marched without tents and lay in the woods 
upon the snow making great fires and I do not find the troops have 



*3 additional Companies Black Watch and 3 for Montgomery's and 3 
for Fraser's, stationed at Halifax. 




From an Old Print 



ALBANY TO TICONDEROGA 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 9 

suffered * * * We have on that River (Mohawk) at Schenectady 
and up to the German Flats, the Highland Regiment upwards of a 
thousand men," etc. 

The second letter reads as follows, and w,hile it is chiefly of 
interest in this connection because it is dated from Schenectady, 
it also illustrates the custom of selling commissions : 

Schenectady, April 24, 1757. 
Francis Grant, Lt. Col. 42d Regiment. Sir: — 

I am convinced from several things that have happened me 
since I have been in the Regiment that my continuing to serve any 
longer in it would be disagreeable to the whole corps of officers and 
being likewise sensible of my own unfitness for a military life I 
have resolved to quit the Army as soon as I can obtain leave to re- 
sign my commission. But as I have nothing else in the world to 
depend ujpon and finding myself at present at a distance from 
my family and friends or anyone whom I can depend on for ad- 
vice, interest or assistance and having frequently experienced your 
goodness and favor, I have made bold to apply to you that you 
would be pleased to intercede with his Excellency the Earl of Lou- 
don, in my behalf that His Lordship in consideration of my dis- 
tressed situation and circumstances might be moved to give me 
leave to resign in favor of some person that would be willing to 
allow me wherewithall to support me till I can settle and apply to 
some other way of life. 

In doing me this favor you'll forever oblige, Sir, 

Your respectful and gratefully obed't hum. serv't, 

George Maclagan, Ens. 

P. S.— If it is agreeable to your Lordship I am willing to pay 
fifty pound Sterhng for Mr. Peter Grant, Voluntier. 

Francis Grant, Lt. Col. 42d Regt." 

With these two dispatches from the British War Office as a 
clew I have tried to leam more about the winter quarters of the 
Black Watch and have looked through the Colonial manuscript in 
the New York State Library, *the Records of the City of Albany 
and the published works of the period but so far without success. I 
have been unable to find any Schenectady I'ccords of this period. 
It seems that a valuable collection of Glen-Sanders papers from the 
old Mansion across the Mohawk from Schenectady was recently 
sold and I have been told that in these there were several refer- 



* The only reference to the Black "Watch that I could find in the un- 
published Colonial Manuscripts in the N. Y. State Library was the report 
of the receipt at New York, 8th July, 1757, from the ship Free Mason,, of 
22 Bales, 10 Casks and 1 Box for Lord John Murray's Regiment. Colonial 
Mss., 1757, Vol. 84, Page 126. 



10 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

ences to officers of the Black Watch. As the Glens^ were Scotch it 
would be quite likely that if this collection were not now scattered 
to the four winds much information about the Highlanders 
could be obtained. It is said that Schenectady was only a 
frontier village in 1756 and not large enough to take care of a regi- 
ment and it seems to be a fact from the reference given above that 
only a part of the thousand men were stationed here as it states that 
the Regiment was stretched along the Mohawk from Schenectady 
to the German Plats, but that it was a station for troops is proven 
by the list in the Public Record Office of the winter quarters for 
the troops in America for 1758, which states that the Black Watch 
was quartered in New York and L/t. General Murray's at Schenec- 
tady. There is in the Public Record Office no list of winter quar- 
tei-s of the troops in America previous to 1758.* 

*After this article had gone to press I received through tlie kindness 
of Arthur Doughty Litt, D. Archivist of the Dominion of Canada, a copy 
of the references to the Black Watch in the archives at Ottawa and one 
reference proves that the 42nd was stationed at Schenectady the winter of 
1756-7, as follows: Nov. 22. 1756, Loudon to Fox, the 42nd Regiment I 
quartered at Schenectady, from whence they take the posts, on the Mohawk 
River, etc. See Appendix. 

It appears, however, from the Town Records of Stamford, 
Conn., that a committee representing that town made a claim on 
the "General Court" of the Colony of Connecticut to reimburse 
them for £ 369-13-41/0 which the town had expended ' ' in taking 
care of the Highlanders from November 30, 1757, to March 30, 1758. 
The soldiers numbered 250 officers and men and they had also be- 
longing to them 17 women and 9 children." These were undoubt- 
edly part of the Black Watch as they alone were entitled to be call- 
ed "The Highlanders." The only other Highland regiments of 
that time were Montgomery's and Fraser's. both raised in 1757 
and landed at Halifax the same year but both quartered in Canada. 
This town record also further illustrates the custom of that time as 
previously stated and as an officer of the present Regiment aptly 
puts it, "they took not only their mess plate but their wives also, 
on service with them, and sometimes lost both." 



iCol. John Glen, born July 2, 1735, died Sept. 23, 1828, was quartermas- 
ter during the French and Indian and also the Revolutionary wars and was 
a man of great prominence in this locality. His brother. Col. Henry Glen, 
born July 13, 1739, died January 6, 1814, was deputy quartermaster under 
his brother and was member of Congress from Albany District from 1794 
and 1802. Schenectady at that time was in Albany District. It was Col. 
John Glen who gave the name to Glens Falls, changing it from Wing s 
Falls, it is said as the result of a wine supper. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA H 

This 250 at Stamford would only be a quarter of the Regiment, 
however, if Loudon had upwards of a thousand at or near Schenec- 
tady the winter before and it is probable that the rest were quar- 
tered at or near Schenectady as in 1756. 

Another statement that I have tried to confirm is the account 
by James Grant in his "Legends of the Black Watch" of the 50 
chosen men under orders of MacGillivray of Glen Arrow, who went 
to reinforce Col. Munro at Fort William Henry. It is also said 
in a foot note of Wilson's Orderly Book that Capt. Gordon Gra- 
ham was at Fort William Henry at the time of the surrender, and 
this is repeated in N. Y. Colonial Mss. by O'Callaghan, page 728, 
Vol. 10, but I have not been able to find any other reference that 
would substantiate these statements. 

The only time the 42d emerges from the haze of mystery from June, 
1756, to the spring of 1758, is that they were a part of Loudon's 
expedition against Louisbourg in 1757, and this was more a sum- 
mer vacation than an act of war. 

If the English could have attacked Louisbourg in the spring 
or early summer, success would have been certam but Loudon 
couldn't seem to get started. As a messenger from the Governor 
of Pennsylvania, who had waited in vain for a reply to a message, 
said about him he was like "St. George on a tavern sign, always 
on horse back and never riding on. ' ' The expedition did not start 
from New York until June 20th and entered Halifax harbor the 
30th. Even after this delay he was there before Admiral Hol- 
bourne, who did not arrive from England with his fleet of 15 ships- 
of-the-line and 3 frigates, with 5,000 troops until July 10th. Then 
there was more delay, the 12,000 troops were landed and weeks 
spent in drilling and planting vegetables for their refreshment. 
Sir. Charles Hay was put under arrest for saying that the "nation's 
money was spent in sham battles and raising cabbages." The 
troops were embarked again but Aug. 4th a sloop came from New- 
foundland bringing news of the arrival of three French Squadrons 
at Louisbourg and as an attack after this reinforcement would be 
hopeless, the costly enterprise was abandoned and Loudon and the 
troops sailed back to New York where he arrived Aug. 31st. Delay 
was the ruin of the Louisbourg expedition and drew off British 
forces from the frontier where they were most needed. 



12 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

The troops were started immediately up the Hudson as soon 
as they were landed at New York but Fort William Henry had al- 
ready been captured Aug. 9th and the French forces had fallen 
back to Ticonderoga. 

The spring of 1758 opened up with bright prospects. Lord 
Loudon had been recalled and General Abercrombie, with the able 
assistance of Lord Howe, was in command. Admiral Boscowen 
was appointed to command the fleet and Major-General Amherst 
and Brigadier-Generals AVolfe, Townsend and Murray were added 
to the military staff. Three expeditions were proposed for this 
year, Louisbourg, Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and Fort Du- 
Quesne. The army, in America had been largely reinforced dur- 
ing the winter and spring. Of these reinforcements the 42d was 
strengthened by three additional companies and recruits bringing 
the Regiment up to about 1,300 men. 

As we have considerable information about these three com- 
panies through the Atholl Records, it will be interesting to turn 
back audi follow them from the start to the beginning of the Ti- 
conderoga campaigTi. The first item and one of interest because it 
shows the metho^l of raising companies in those days, is a letter 
from the Duke of Argyll to the Duke of Atholl, dated London, July 
9, 1757.* 

"My Lord: — This is to acquaint your Grace that there is to be 
3 additional Companies raised for Lord John Murray's Regiment. 
I believe the nomination of the officers will be left to me and conse- 
quently to Your Grace; there will be 3 captains, 6 lieutenants and 
3 ensigns and 100 men each company. The raising the men will be 
the merit of those who shall desire to be officers and if any can 
be found who have served, in Holland, so much the better. Your 
Grace will have your thought on this but don't promise anybody 
till you let me hear from you. I shall speak to Lord John but I 
will bid him consult you and will plainly tell him that the com- 
missions must all be given gratis. The other two Highland Regi- 
ments will likewise have the same addition made to them. 

I am with the greatest truth and respect, My Lord, Yr Gr|s 
most faithful and obt. h'ble Servant, Argyll. 

By the Duke of Atholl's recommendation the three companies 
were given to James Stewart of Urrard; James Murray, nephew 



*Atholl Records, page 428, Vol. III. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 13 

of the Duke of Atholl and son of Lord George Murray ; and Thomas 
Stirling of Ardoeh. Three of the new subalterns were from the 
Atholl estate, namely Lieut. Alexander Menzies and Ensigns Dun- 
can Stewart, son of Derculich, and George Rattray, son of Dalrai- 
zion. The three companies w^ere mustered in October and marched 
from Perth to Glasgow, where they remained until November 15, 
when they marched to Greenock and embarked December 1st in 
transports for Cork en route to America. 

April 22, 1758, Capt. James Murray wrote from New York to 
Mr. Murray of Strowan announcing his safe arrival after a voyage 
of eleven weeks from Cork. The joys of a voyage in those times 
when it could take ten days to sail from Scotland to Ireland, is 
illustrated by a letter from Capt. Murray, dated Youghall, 11 
Dec, 1757.* 

My dear Brother : — This is to let you know that I am just now 
in good health and safely arrived here with my company. ^ My 
transport, together with the other tive, set sail on the 1st cur't in 
the evening along with the Convoy; w^e had a fair wind and good 
weather until Sunday, early in the morning (when we were past 
Waterfort in our way to Corck) about eight, there came on one 
of the most prodigeous stonns that the sailors said they had never 
seen the like before. About two in the afternoon we lost sight of 
the Convoy and all the transports and have not yet any sure ac- 
counts whether they have got all safe into harbours or not. But 
since I came here I'hear that there was five or six ships lost on the 
Coast that day. The storm abated somewhat Monday mornmg 
but it continued bad weather until Friday evening, during which 
time we were often in risk of our lives especially twice, once being 
A\'ithin two yards of a great rock and the other time when we were 
on two fathom water going on a sandbank. 

During all that time we were near several harbours, such as 
Doublin, Waterfort, Corck and others but all without success. 
Saturday and this day we had good weather by which means we 
got into harbour. 

Yoiu' most aff'te brother, 

James Murray. 

From November utntil April seems a long voyage from Scot- 
land to America even in those days of primitive navigation, but 
another of the three additional companies was blown into Antigua 
and did not arrive at New York until June. 



'Atholl Records, p433 Vol. III. 



14 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

With the activities of the preparations for the Tieonderoga 
campaign a number of dispatches were sent to the Home Govern- 
ment and it is possible to follow more closely the fortunes of the 
Black AVatch. 

The addition of these three companies raised the Regiment to 
1,300 men, and we find among the official documents a petition from 
Capt. Gordon Graham, endorsed by Lt. Col. Grant and General 
Abercrombie, asking to be made Major in addition to Major Duncan 
Campbell, as follows:* 

To His Excellency James Abercromby, Esq., General and Com- 
mander in Chief of all His Majesty's Forces in North America, 
etc., etc., etc. 

The Memorial of Gordon Graham, eldest Captain in His Maj- 
esty's 42nd Regiment of Foot in North America. 

Humbly sheweth 

That your memorialist hath had the honoui* to serve His Maj- 
esty upwards of twenty-five years, twelve of which as Captain in 
the above Regiment and is now eldest in that Rank. 

That he hath served in Flanders and elsewhere during all the 
last war, some part of which he was employed as Major of Brigade, 
and had a Commission as such from General St. Clair, on the ex- 
pedition under his command in the year 1746. 

May it therefore please your Excellency to lay his case before 
His Majesty that he in his great wisdom may be graciously pleased 
to promote him to the Rank of Major when an opportunity offers, 
all which is humbly submitted. 

To His Excellency, James Abercromby, Esqr., General and 
Commander in Chief of all his Majesty's forces in North America, 
etc., etc., etc. 

The Memorial of Colonel Francis Grant, Commanding his 
Majesty's 42nd Regiment of Foot 

Humbly sheweth 

That his Majesty having thought proper to augment the said 
Regiment to 1,300 men by adding three additional companies to 
it, and such a body of men being too numerous to be exercised and 
disciplined by one Major only, your memoralist humbly conceives, 
that it would be for the good of his Majesty's service to have 
another Major added, as has been already done to the other two 
Highland Battalions commanded by the Colonels Montgomery and 
Eraser. 

May it therefore please your Excellency to lay this matter be- 
fore Hi's Majesty that he in his great wisdom may be graciously 

♦Public Record Office W. O. l.-l. 




From a Rare Print in Possession of James Austin Holden 

MAJOR GENERAL JAMES ABERCROMBIE (1706-1781) 

English Commander-in-Chief 




Courtesy of S H. P. Pell. Turn Ilctc Civtn Kiir. ly L ,sc<t itr.U ir. Fc^^eFiirily 

. crcRGE Aucunuf. I CRD vuccLhi. I c\^ E (i'.'.^-i::n 

t„u.. . Killed zt Ticonderoga July 6 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 15 

pleased to give such directions thereupon as shall be thought neces- 
sary, all which is humbly submitted. 

Colo. Grant, commanding His Majesty's 42nd Regiment, and 
Mr. Gordon Graham, a Captain in the same, having each of them 
presented me with a memorial, the contents of which I know to be 
true, I herewith transmit them to your Lordship, to be laid before 
the King, and to know His Royal Pleasure therein. 

Extract from a letter signed James Abercromby to the Right 
Hon. Lord Viscount Barrington, dated New York, Apr. 28, 1758. 

As will be seen later Capt. Graham became Major before hear- 
ing from the King. 

The next dispatch which is of interest and which makes 
changes in the list of Commissioned Officers is as follows: Ex- 
tract from letter signed by James Abercromby to the Right Hon- 
orable the Lord Viscount Barrington, dated Albany, May 27. 1758.1 

"In the list of the Commissions which I had the honour to 
transmit to your Lordship, by my last letter, you will have observed 
two vacancies in the 42nd Regiment, occasioned by the removal of 
Sir James Cockburn into the 48th which could not be filled up at 
the time my letter went away, as the gentlemen, whom it was pro- 
posed should purchase those vacancies were then at Albany, ^ and 
their answer not arrived; since that the Lieutenantcy has been 
made out in the name of Mr. Patrick Balnevas, and bears date the 
1st of April; and Mr. Elbert Hering succeeds to the Ensigncy, 
dated the 3rd of the same month." 

Then we have the dispatch just before the battle from Abw- 
crombie to Pitt, dated Camp at Lake George, June 29, 175S. saying: 

"Arrived Fort Edward on the 9th, where Lord Howe was en- 
camped with the 42nd, 44th, and 55th Regiments and 4 companies 
of Rangers. Remainder of Regulars were at posts below on Hud- 
son River and were working up the stores, etc. On the 17th Lord 
Howe marched to the Brook half way between Fort Edward and 
the Lake with the 42nd. 44th. and 55th. (This Half-way Brook 
was judged a proper post for the first Deposit in a Portage of 15 
miles. 2 After the carriages had made several trips Lord Howe 
advanced to the Lake with the 42nd, 44th and 55th." 



1 Public record office W^:0:I.-I. 

2 His last letter had been written from New York, April 28th. If this 
were an earlier date it might indicate the winter quarters, but at this time 
the army was assembling at Albany for the season's campaign. It will be 
noted as illustration that the Highlanders quartered at Stamford left there 

March 30. . ,^ „,.■,■• ^ 

SFor further information in regard to Halfway Brook, which is just 
north of the city of Glens Falls, see the "Halfway Brook in History," by 
James A. Holden in Vol. VI. N. Y. State Hist. Assn. proceedings. 



16 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Attached to this letter is a report of troops at Lake George, 
June 29, 1758, and the roll of the 42nd was as follows : 

"10 companies, 1 Lt. Colonel, 1 Major, 8 Captains, 18 Lieu- 
tenants, 7 Ensig-ns, 1 Chaplain, 1 Adjutant, 1 QuarterMaster, 1 
Surgeon, 2 Mates, 40 Sergeants, 18 Drunnnei-s; Rank and File— 981 
fit for duty, 11 sick present, 6 in general hospital, 2 on command, 
1,000 total. 1 drummer and 40 rank and file wanting to complete." 

We find the solution of why there were only 1,000 of the Black 
Watch with the Ticonderoga expedition when its strength was 
known to be 1,300 at that time, in another extract of the Report 
of June 29th from Abercrombie to Pitt: "I have left two addi- 
tional Companies of Lord John Murray's to garrison Fort Edward. 
The other additional company of the 42d which was blown into 
Antego (Antigua), I hear is arrived at New York, which I have 
ordered up to Albany." 

This is confirmed in more detail in a letter from Sir Robert 
Menzies to Mr. Murray of Strowan, dated Rannock, 6th Sept.. 
1758, in which is an extract from a letter received by Menzies from 
"Jammie Stewart."* 

"That, after the additional Companies arrived in Fort Ed- 
ward, the best men were picked out to compleat the Regiment in 
place of the sick and old men that were put in their place. That, 
as Capt. Reid was left behind sick at Albany, Capt. Murray was 
appointed to his company and Reid to the additional, as Capt. 
Abercrombie was to Capt. Murray's Company. That the addi- 
tional companies, with Captains Sterling, Reid, and Abercrombie, 
etc., were left at Fort Edward, where they had nothing to do but 
to garrison the Fort and divert themselves." 

Everything is now in readiness for the attack on Ticonderoga 
and an army of six thousand three hundred seventy-seven regulars 
and nine thousand thirty-four provincials (Abercrombie to Pitt 
July 12, 1758) embarked at Lake George early on the morning of 
July 5th. There were nine hundred batteaux, a hundred and 
thirty-five whale boats and a large number of heavy flatboats car- 
rying the artillery and from front to rear the line was six miles 
long. 

Parkman in his "Montcalm and Wolfe" paints the scene as 
follows: "The spectacle was superb: the brightness of the sum- 



*Atholl Records page, 444 Vo. III. 




U.ORO HOWE MONUMENT, (TROUT 8ROOK..) TiC ', r, &Q/ N 





, '^-ifV" fx-ii-rpr ^- ^, 



«%-'>'W!Pi;:.'''! 



AT TICONDEROGA 

Boulder in Academy Park to the Heroes of the Four Nations — Indian. French. Enftlish and American —Who 

Fought at Ticonderotfa 
Monument Marking the Supposed Spot Where Lord Howe was Killed, at the Mouth of Trout Brook 
(Both Boulder and Monument Were Erected by the Late Rev. Joseph Cook) 



THE BLACK Vv'ATCH AT TICONDEROGA 17 

mer day ; the romantic beauty of the scenery ; the sheen and sparkle 
of those crystal waters; the countless islets, tufted with pine, 
birch, and fir; the bordering mountains, with their green summits 
and sunny crags ; the flash of oars and glitter of weapons ; the ban- 
ners, the varied uniforms, and the notes of bugle, trumpet, bag- 
pipe, and drum, answered and prolonged by a hundred woodland 
echoes. ' I never beheld so delightful a prospect, ' wrote a wounded 
officer at Albany a fortnight after. 

"Rogers with the Rangers, and Gage with the light infantry, 
led the way in whaleboats, followed by Bradstreet with his corps 
of boatman, armed and drilled as soldiers. Then came the main 
body. The central column of regulars was commanded by Lord 
How^e, his own regiment, the fifty-fifth, in ihe van, followed by the 
Royal Americans, the twenty-seventh, forty-fourth, forty-sixih, 
and eightieth infantry, and the Highlanders of the forty-second, 
with their major, Duncan Campbell of Inverawe, silent and 
gloomy amid the general cheer, for his soul was dark with fore- 
shadowings of death. With this central column came what are 
described as two floatmg castles, which were no doubt batteries to 
cover the landing of the troops. On the right hand and the left 
were the provincials, uniformed in blue, regiment after regiment, 
from IMassachusetts. Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and 
Rhode Island. Behind them all came the batteaiix, loaded with 
stores and baggage, and the heavy flatboats that carried the artil- 
lery, while a rear-guard of provincials and regulars closed the long 
procession. ' ' 

It will be unnecessary to go into the details of this disastrous 
campaign as it is not only well known to most of you but three 
papers bearing on the subject will be read at this meeting.* Brief- 
ly the army landed at the foot of Lake George the morning of the 
6th and the afternoon of the same day Lord Howe at the head of 
a Ticonderoga party was killed at the outlet of Trout Brook. This 
is the beginning of the end as Lord Howe was the real, head of the 
army. Abercrombie took until the eighth to make up his mind 
what to do and this interim gave the French time to build the fatal 
breastworks across the ridge about one-half mile west of the Fort 
and enabled Levis to arrive with reinforcements. 



♦Ambercromby's full report to Pitt, under date of July 12, 1758, will be 
found in Mr. Holden's article on Lord Howe. 



18 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

As the breastworks play a most important part in the Battle it 
will perhaps be well to again quote from Parkman who gives a most 
comprehensive description. "The trees that covered the ground 
were hewn down by thousands, the tops lopped off, and the trunks 
piled one upon* another to form a massive breastwork. The line 
followed the top of the ridge, along which it zigzagged in such a 
manner that the whole front could be swept by flank-fires of mus- 
ketry and gi'ape. It was so high that nothing could be seen over 
it but the crowns of the soldiers' hats. The upper tier was formed 
of single logs, in which notches were cut to serve as loopholes ; and 
m some places sods and bags of sand were piled along the top, with 
narrow spaces to fire through. From the central part of the line 
the ground sloped away like a natural glacis; while at the sides, 
and especially on the left, it was undulating and broken. Over 
this whole space, to the distance of a musket-shot from the works, 
the forest was cut down, and the trees left lying where they fell 
among the stumps, with tops turned outwards, forming one vast 
abattis, which, as a Massachusetts officer says, looked like a forest 
laid flat by a hurricane. But the most formidable obstruction was 
immediately along the front of the breastworks, where the ground 
was covered with heavy boughs, overlapping and interlaced, with 
sharpened points bristling into the face of the assailant like the 
quills of a porcupine. As these works were all of wood, no vestige 
of them remains. The earthworks now shown to tourists as the 
lines of Montcalm were begun four days after the battle to replace 
the log breastwork; and though on the same ground are not ou the 
same plan." 

Behind these breastworks the battalions of LaSarre and Lan- 
guedoc were posted on the left under Bourlamaque, the first bat- 
tallion of Berry with that of Royal Roussillon in the center under 
Montcalm and those of LaReme, Beam and Guienne on the right 
under Levis. A detachment of volunteers occupied the low grounds 
between the breastworks and the outlet of Lake George and on the 
side toward Lake Champlain were stationed 450 regulars and Cana- 
dians, about 3,600 in all. 

It is always easy to criticise an event after it has occurred, but 
the results certainly show that if Abercrombie had, from the time 
of Lord Howe's death, asked Montcalm to outline a policy that 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 19 

would be most pleasing to him, he could not have planned his cam- 
paign more to the advantage of the French. He first gave them 
time to build those formidj^ble breastworks and then instead of 
choosing any one of half a dozen plans which would have brought 
victory, he decided to throw his army unsupported by artillery, 
which was still at Lake George, at the strongest part of the French 
position, he himself staying in safety at the saw mill (about which 
we heard this afternoon in the able paper read by ^Ir. DeLano at 
the unveiling of the tablet) a mile and a half in the rear of his 
army.* 

The sad result is too well known to dwell on and we pass at 
once to the part played by the Black Watch. They with the 55th 
were to have formed the reserve but impatient at being left in the 
rear the Highlanders could not be restrained and were soon in the 
front endeavoring to cut their way through the fallen trees with 
their broadswords. Captain John Campbell, who was one of the 
two soldiers presented to George II in 1743, with a few men, were 
the only ones to force their way over the breastworks and they were 
instantly dispatched with the bayonet. 

Lieut. William Grant of the Regiment writes as follows : 

' ' The attack began a little past one in the afternoon and about 
two the fire became general on both sides. It was exceedingly heavy 
and without intercession insomuch as the oldest soldier never saw 
so furious and incessant a fire. The fire at Fontenoy was nothing 
to it. I saw both." 

An officer of the 55th Regiment, of which Lord Howe had been 
the commander, wrote as follows : 

"With a mixture of esteem, grief and envy, I am penetrated 
by the great loss and immortal glory acquired by the Highlanders 
engaged in the late bloody afi'air. Umpatient for the fray, they 
rushed forward to the entrenchments which many of them actually 
mounted, their intrepidity was rather animated than dampened by 
witnessing their comrades fall on every side. They seemed more 
anxious to avenge the fate of their deceased friends than to avoid 
a like death. In their co-operation we trust soon to give a good 
account of the enemy and of ourselves. There is much harmony 
and friendship between the two regiments." 



*This General James Abercrombie must not be confused with Sir Ralph 
Abercrombie who led the Black Watch to victory in Egypt in 1801. 



20 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Even the French were impressed with the valor of the Black 
Watch as Garneau writes in L'Histoire du Canada. ^ 

"The Highlanders above all, under Lord John Murray, cov- 
ered themselves with glory. They formed the head of the troops 
confronting the Canadians, their light and picturesque costume 
distinguishing them from all other soldiers amid the flame and 
smoke. This corps lost half of its men and 25 of its officers were 
killed or severely wounded." 

Lossing writes, "The whole army seemed envious to excell 
but the Scotch Highland Regiment of Lord John MuiTay was fore- 
most in the conflict and sufi'ered the severest loss."" 

I also give in full the letter written by Capt. James Murray 
to his brother, Mr. Murray of Strowan, dated Albany, July 19, 
1758, as his description of the country and the events during and 
after the battle lend local color to the picture.^ 

"My dear Brother:— The last letter I wrote you was dated 
from Fort Edward camp about 18th June. We proceeded on to 
Lake George where Fort William Henry formerly stood which was 
taken and destroyed by the French last year, where we remained 
until the 5th curt, and then the whole army embarked on the lake 
in batteaux that hold 23 men with a month's provisions, all the ar- 
tillery stores was likewise embarked, and everything else belonging 
to an army. We were divided into brigades. There was in all 
about 5,000 regulars and 12,000 provincials. We had also light 
infantry and rangers who had whale-boats which are the lightest 
and best going boats that can be. We put off about 8 and got fair- 
ly into the lake which I took to be about 20 miles long and not 
above two miles at the broadest part of it. There are several small 
islands which are quite covered with wood and all around the lake 
is very hilly and quite covered with woods, as the most part of the 
country is, at least what I have seen on't. 

This lake abounds m fine trout the meat of which is red, 
peareh, suckers and several other sorts of fish. There is also plenty 
of beavers. On the side of the lake there is plenty of deer but I 
have not seen any since I came to the country. Sometimes when 
I have been out on command I have killed rattle snakes about four 
feet long and as thick as the small of one's leg, with 18 rattles, 
which altogether might be about four inches long. They say some 
have twenty or more. They have both teeth and a sting. The 
rattles being at the tail makes them that they can stand up on end 
and spring a short way at one. AVhen touched they make a great 



1. Translation by Bell, Page 539, Vol. I. 

2. Lossing's Pictorial Field Book of tiie Revolution. Page 119, Vol. I. 

3. Atholl Records, p. 438, Vol. 3 







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Courtesy of TiconderoKa Historical Society 

LOUIS JOSEPH, MARQUIS de MONTCALM 

Goion de Saint Veran ( 1712-1759) 
French Commander-in-Chief 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 21 

noise with their rattles. Their bite is not so bad as called for it 
can be easily cured with oil or salt. They smell exactly like a 
goat, rather ranker if possible before they are seized but afterwards 
have almost no smell at all. They make the richest and best soup 
that can be which I eat of and like much. The meat is but insipid. 

The 6th we disembarked at the lower end of the lake. In the 
morning our light infantry and rangers had some skirmishing with 
the French pickets. Lord Howe was killed at the second shot and 
he is very much regretted. There was taken that day about 150 
prisoners, five of whom were officers. They had a great many kill- 
ed so that very few of their pickets escaped which consisted in all 
of about 350. 

The next day being the 7th, we were making preparations to 
invest a fort called Theenderora which is five miles from Lake 
George and is situate on a neck of land that runs into Lake Cham- 
plain. As to the dimensions of that lake I can't say, and marched 
within a mile and half of it that evening. The next morning the 
light infantry made the French sentries and small posts retire to 
their entrenchments for the French had an encampment about half 
a cannon shot before their fort, and were entrenched after the fol- 
lowing manner: They had large cut trees one laid above another 
a man's height and in the outside there was brush and logs for 
about 15 paces from it which made it impossible to force their 
breastworks without cannon which we had not taken up that length 
as then. They were also under cover of the fort so if we could beat 
them out of their trenches, they could have retired pretty safely. 

Between one and two we marched up and attacked the trenches 
and got within twenty paces of them and had as hot a fire for about 
three hours as possibly could be, we all the time seeing but their 
hats and the end of their muskets. About half an hour before we 
were obliged to retire I received a shot through my thigh after 
which I stayed a few minutes but finding if I stayed any longer my 
thigh would turn stifl' and losing a great deal of blood I with help 
got into the road and that evening with Capt. Gordon Graham, our 
paymaster, got into a whaleboat and against the next morning got 
to the upper end of Lake George and was transported down here. 
I am confined to my bed but the surgeons say my wound looks as 
well as can be expected, nor is there any sort of danger in it as it 
has only grazed the bone, so I shall be well soon again. I am in 
perfect good health, have a good appetite and sleep tolerably well. 

Our regiment has suffered much. There was the captain, 
lieutenant and six subalterns killed on the spot and since the major 
and the lieutenant have died of their wounds. The colonel, four 
captains, and twelve subalterns are wounded. 180 men killed and 
280 wounded. None of the other regiments' losses were near so 
great. Capt. Stewart was not touched, Capt. Sterling nor Farqu- 



22 NEW YORK STx\TE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

harson were not there so are well, but Lieut. Farquliarson's younger 
brother was killed. Lieut. David Mills, my lieutenant, is not ill 
wounded and is pretty well, so if you would inform his father-in- 
lay, Mr. Hamilton of Hutcheson, who stays near Glasgow, you 
would oblige me. Neil Stewart at Perth knows him. 

I received a letter from Lord John 15th May letting me know 
you are all well which gave me a great deal of pleasure but it would 
much more so to hear from some of you for it is very long since I 
had that satisfaction, the last being at Ireland, for Lord John wi-ote 
wrote me no particulars. 

Offer my humble duty to my dear mother and elsewhere due 
and best love to dear Lady Charlotte, Lady Smclair, George, Char- 
lotte and Invercauld, and best blessing attend all the young ones. 
My kind compliments to Shusy Moray and tell her I had her hair 
about my neck when I received my wound which might have prob- 
ably gone to my heart if it had not been wounded already. 

I am ever your most affectionate brother, 

James Murray. 

Thus had the army which landed so proudly two days before 
been disastrously repulsed, with a loss in killed and wounded and 
missing of nineteen hundred and forty-four officers and men. In 
his report of July 12. 1758, Abercrombie gives the casualty of the 
42nd as follows: 

"Killed— Capt. Lt. John Campbell; Lts. George Farquharson, 
Hugh McPherson, William Bailey, John Sutherland; Ensigns 
Peter Stewart and George Rattray. 

Wounded— Major Duncan Campbell; Captains Gordon Gra- 
ham, Thomas Graeme, John Campbell, James Stewart, James Mur- 
ray; Lieutenants William Grant, Robert Gray, John Campbell. 
James Grant, John Graham, Alexander Campbell, Alexander Mcin- 
tosh, Archibald Campbell, David Mill,* Patrick Balnevis; Ensigns 
John Smith and Peter Grant. 

Summary— 1 major wounded, captains 1 killed, 4 wounded; 
lieutenants 4 killed, 11 wounded; ensigns 2 killed, 2 wounded; ad- 
jutants 1 wounded; quarter master 1 wounded; sergeants 6 killed, 
13 wounded; rank and file 190 killed, 2G5 wounded." 

Stewart of Garth writes as follo\TO: 

"Of these the 42nd regiment had 8 officers, 9 Serjeants, and 
297 men killed, and 17 officers, 10 Serjeants, and 306 soldiers 
Avounded. The officers were. Major Duncan Campbell of Inverawe, 
Captain John Campbell, Lieutenants George Farquharson, Hugh 
McPherson, AA^-iHiam Baillie, and John Sutherland; Ensigns Pat- 
rick Stewart of Bonskied and George Rattray killed ; Captains Gor- 
don Graham, Thomas Graham of Duchray, John Campbell of 

* This name is given in vai-ious places as MILL, MILLS, MILLER and 
MILNE. Tiie Duke of'AthoU is authority for the statement that MILNE is 
correct. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 23 

Straehur, James Stewart of Urrard, James Murray (afterward Gen- 
eral) ; Lieutenants James Grant, Robert Gray, John Campbell, 
William Grant, John Graham, brother of Duchray, Alexander 
Campbell, Alexander Mackintosh, Archibald Campbell, David Mil- 
ler, Patrick Balneaves ; and Ensigns John Smith and Peter Grant, 
wounded. ' ' 

Capt. James Murray writes from Albany 17th August, 1758 :^ 
"As I observed in my last, our regiment has suffered greatly. The 
Major has since died of his wounds, Sandy Farquharson has got his 
lieutenancy by seniority which one would not have thought that the 
youngest ensign of the additionals would have been so soon a lieu- 
tenant. I am recovering pretty well and can walk about although 
I am much pained in my knee but hope will be able to soon join 
the regiment." 

Capt. James Stewart writes 14th July from Lake George :2 
"That all the Captains w^ere wounded, less or more, excepting Cap- 
tains McNeil and Allan Campbell, that Major Campbell got his 
right arm wounded, but not dangerous and his son, Lieutenant 
Alexander Campbell had his arm broke betAvixt the elbow and 
shoulder, but he was in a good way. ' ' 

Parkman states that Lt. Alexander Campbell was severely 
wounded but reached Scotland alive and died in Glasgow. ^ 

Abercrombie reports to Pitt from Lake George, Aug. 19. 1758 : 
"Major Duncan Campbell of the 42nd who was wounded in the 
anil at the battle on the 8th was obliged to liave it cut off and died 
soon thereafter. "4 

It would seem therefore that Major Campbell and his son were 
not considered seriously wounded and that modern surgery would 
soon have cured them. The following hoAvever, taken from Gar- 
neau's L'Histoire du Canada might explain the 'unexpected mor- 
tality. "Scarcely any of the wounded Highlanders ever recovered, 
and even those sent home as invalids; their sores cankered, owing 
to the broken glass, ragged bits of metal, etc., used by the Canadians 
instead of shot. "^ 

Abercrombie states in his report of July 12, 1758, "I sent the 
w^ounded officers and men that could be moved to Fort Edward and 
Albany." 

]\Iajor Campbell was sent to Fort Edward and upon his death 
nine days after the battle he was buried in the family lot of his 



1. AthoU Records, p. 444, Vol. III. 

2. AthoH Records, p. 443, Vol. III. 

3. Montcalm and Wolfe, p. 435, Vol. II. 

4. Public Record Office, C.O.5. 50. 

5. Translation bv Bell, page 539, Vol. I. 



24 NEW YOKK STATE HISTOKICAL ASSOCIATION. 

relatives, the Gilehrists. The body was moved to the new Union 
cemetery between Sandy Hill and Fort Edward in 1871 but the 
original stone may still be seen and bears this inscription: "Here 
Lyes the Body of Duncan Campbell of Inversaw, Esqr Major to 
The old Highland Regt. Aged 55 Years. AVho Died The 17th July, 
1758, of The Wounds He Received In The Attack of The Retrench- 
ments of Ticonderoga or Carillon, 8th July, 1758. ' ' 

Stewart of Garth says, "The old Highland Regiment having 
suffered so severely * * * * they were not employed again that 
year. ' ' 

In the N. Y. Colonial Records, however, we find that some 
regulai-s of the 42d and 60th Regts. amounting to 155 men (prob- 
ably one company of each) were with Bradstreet in his expedition 
against Fort Frontenac.^ 

In Abercrombie's report of Aug. 19, 1758, he states that part 
of the additional companies of the 42nd were sent to reinforce Brig. 
General Provost at Fort Edward and that one company 
of the 42nd and some of the recovering men were stationed 
at Albany. From this it might be inferred that the 
only part of the Black Watch fit for duty were the three ad- 
ditional companies which had not been in the battle of July 8th 
and it is possible that the one company of the 42nd that had been 
blown out of its course to Antigua and had not arrived at New 
York until June did not get further north than Albany. The win- 
ter quarters of the 42nd for 1758 were at New York. (Abercrombie 
to Pitt, No. 25, 1758.) 2 

The official title is now changed to the "42nd or Royal Regi- 
ment of Foot," and the regiment is commonly called theRoyalHigh- 
landers. It has erroneously been stated that the Black Watch was 
granted this honor of being a "Royal" regiment because of its gal- 
lantry at Ticonderoga, but it is all the more to its credit that it had 
earned this distinction before the battle at Ticonderoga. The title 
was granted by special warrant dated July 22, 1758, while the news 
of the defeat did not reach London until the arrival of Abercrom- 
bie's aid de camp with dispatches Aug. 20, 1758. 



N. Y. Col. manuscript O'Callaghan's, p. S27, Vol. 10. 
Public Record Office C. O. 5 50. 




H^rc L)^s The Body qlDonc» 
C ampWfl of Inveria>^ xq ' I 
Major To "T lie old Hiotiland 



^^^^ RecftivPfl lii Til* A«.>^ 
^ or I he ICerrenchi*etttr of | 
; ^lconcferogaorC^^<l^^ 



y^--^'^^.-: 




Photo ty Chas. D. Case. Fort Edward 

THE GRAVE OF MAJOR DUNCAN CAMPBELL 

Headstone, of Red Granite, in Gilchrist Lot. Union Cemetery. Between Hudson Falls ( Formerly Sandy Hill> 
ani Fort Edward. (Inscription has been Outlined in Chillc for this Photograph) 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 25 

A copy of the warrant is as follows : 
George R. 

We being desirous to distinguish Our Forty Second Regiment 
of Foot with some mark of Our Royal favor, Our Will and Pleas- 
ure therefore is. and we do hereby direct, that from henceforth 
Our said regiment be called, and distinguished by the title and name 
of Our Forty-Second, or Royal Highland Regiment of Foot, 
in all commissions, orders, and writings, that shall hereafter be 
made out, or isued for and concerning the said regiment. Given 
at Our Court at Kensington this 22nd day of July 1758, in the 
thirty second year of Our reign. By His Majesty's command, 

(Signed) BARRINGTON. 

The vacancies occasioned in the 42nd were filled up in regular 
succession and the seven companies which had been ordered at the 
same tune as the change of title were immediately recruited. These 
were completed in three months and embodied at Perth, October 
1758, each company being 120 men strong, all with few exceptions 
Highlanders and hardy and temperate in their habits. (Lord John 
Murray's orders were peremptory that none but Highlanders be 
taken, but a few O'Donnels, O'Lachians and O'Briens passed mus- 
ter as Mac Donnels, Mac Lachlans and Mac Briars.) 

These seven companies with the three additional companies 
raised in 1757 were formed into a Second Battalion. The officers 
appointed to the seven new companies w^ere Robert Anstruther, who 
was senior captain and served as Major, Francis MacLean, Alexan- 
der Sinclair, John Stewart of Stenton, William ^Murray of Lintrose, 
Archibald Campbell, Alexander Reid, and Robert Arbuthnot, to 
be captains ; Alexander MacLean, George Grant, George Sinclair, 
Gordon Clunes, Adam Stewart, John Robertson, son of Lude, John 
Grant, James Fraser, George Leslie, John Campbell, Alexander 
Stewart, Duncan Richardson, and Robert Robertson, to be lieu- 
tenants; and Patrick Sinclair, John Macintosh, James MacDuff, 
Thomas Fletcher, Alexander Donaldson, William MacLean, and 
William Brown, to be ensigns. 

The seven new companies embarked for the West Indies where 
they joined with the Old Buffs, Kings, 6th, 63d, 64th, 800 marines 
and a detachment of artillery amounting in all to 5.560 men un- 
der the command of Major Generals Hopson and Barrington and 
of Brigadier Generals Haldane, Armiger, Trapaud and Clavering, 
m an expedition against ]Martinique and Gaudaioupe. This result- 



26 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

ed in the capture of Gaudaloupe but was not altogether a success 
and a great many men were lost by fever and sickness. Of the 
Royal Higlilanders Ensign MacLean was killed, Lieutenants Mac- 
Lean, Leslie, Sinclair and Robertson were wounded, and Major An- 
struther and Captain Arbuthnot died of the fever. One hundred 
and six privates were killed, wounded or died of disease. 

This was a severe initiation for the new recruits who had been 
herding sheep on their native hills nine months before, but as has 
always been the case with the Black Watch they acquitted them- 
selves with distinction. The seven companies were then embarked 
for New York to join the First Battalion where they arrived in 
July. They just missed being at the capture of Ticonderoga. Major 
Gordon Graham was ordered at the end of July by General Am- 
herst then at Crovoi Point to take command of the seven companies 
and to march them up to Oswego. In August they were ordered to 
join the First Battalion, Capt. Stewart with 150 men being left at 
Oswego and the First and Second Battalions, now united, served 
together for the rest of the campaign. 

We will now return to the Veterans of the previous year. Af- 
ter wintering at New York (or on Long Island, as another author- 
ity states) the old Black Watch now the first Battalion of the Royal 
Highlanders, recruited again to its full strength and the three ad- 
ditional companies now a part of the Second Battalion, joined 
Amherst at Fort Edward in June, 1759.* Col. Grant of the 42d 
with the Royal Highlanders and light infantry of the army moved 
forward to Lake George the 20th and the main part of the army 
followed on the 21st. For five years now Lake George had been 
the annual mustering place of armies. 

The campaign this season comprehended three very important 
enterprises— Wolfe was to attack Quebec from Lower Canada, 
Prideaux was to proceed against Niagara, and Amherst, now Com- 
mander in Chief and successor of General Abercrombie, was to 
drive the French from Lake Champlain and if possible join Wolfe 
on the St. Lawrence. 

The army under Amherst consisted of the Royals, 17th, 27th, 
Royal Highlanders, two battalions of the 55th, Montgomery's High- 
landers, nine battalions of Provincials, and a battalion of light in- 



See Appendix for extracts from Commissary Wilson's Orderly Book for 
rd of daily service of Blacl? Watch in Ticonderoga and Crown Point 



record of daily 
campaign 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 27 

fantiy and a body of Rangers and Indians with a detachment of 
artillery. When joined by the 2d battalion of the Royal Americans 
from the West Indies, this army amounted to 14,500 men, 

Amherst was never long in one place without building a fort 
there. Fortified places were built at mtervals of three or four 
miles along the road to Fort Edward and especially at the station 
called Halfway Brook, while for the whole distance a broad belt 
of wood on both sides was cut down and burned to deprive a skulk- 
ing enemy of cover. At Lake George he started a fort, the ruins of 
which, now called Foi't George, are in the Lake George Battle 
Ground Park of which this Association is custodian. 

July 21st, 1759, Lake George again witnessed a military pag- 
eant as the army embarked for its second attack on Fort Ticonde- 
roga. At daylight they landed, beat back a French detachment 
and marched by the portage road to the sawmill. There was little 
resistance and the army marched to the former line of entrench- 
ments which had proved so fatal to Abercrombie. These had been 
reconstructed partly of earth and partly of log's, and as the French 
made no attempt at their defense the English encamped along their 
front and found them excellent shelter from the cannon of the fort. 
It is the general impression that the French retreated with only 
faint resistance and that there was hardly a shot fired at the sec- 
ond attempt to capture Fort Carillon but the following letter from 
Capt. Murray would correct this impression.* 

"Camp at the Lines of Burning, Theanderoga, 27 July, 1759. 

My dear Brother:— I write you these few lines to acquaint you 
that I am in perfect good health and that the army landed at this 
end of the lake the 22nd, invested the Fort the 23rd and was very 
buisy carying on the worcks till the 26th in the night, at which time 
we had three batteries ready to open, Avhen the enemy abbandoned 
and set fire to the fort. During the time that the enemy remained 
they could not keep a hotter fire, for I dare say that fired ten thou- 
sand cannon shott and five hundred bombs and I don 't believe there 
has been forty men killed and wounded during that hott fire, altho' 
all the Bombs fell in different parts among us and that we were 
nigh point blank of the cannon shott but the line that had been of 
so much hurt to us last year saved our men this. 

Your most afft Brother, James Murray," 

Atholl Records, p. 452, Vol. III. 



28 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

I also add Amherst 's report to Governor James DeLancey : 

Camp at Tienderoga. 27th July, 1759. 
Sir:- 

On Saturday morning last I embarked with the army at Lake 
George, the next day landed without opposition and proceeded to 
the saw mills, and took post on the commanding grounds, meeting 
only a trifling opposition from the enemy. We lay on our arms all 
night and early on the 23rd we continued our march to the ground 
which I took possession of in the forenoon, the enemy having aban- 
doned the lines without destroying them, first having carried off 
their effects as well as sent away the greatest part of their troops. 
As soon as I was set down before the place and after having re- 
connoitered it, I ordered the trenches to be opened and batteries to 
be made, which were finished last night, and were to have opened 
at break of day, but the enemy did not think proper to wait till 
then, having about ten of the clock yesterday evening blown up a 
part of the Fort, and made their escape all to about 20 deserters. 
Our loss, considering the fire we sustained is inconsiderable. We 
have only two officers killed, vis. Colonel Townshend, Deputy Adju- 
tant General and Ensign Harrison of late Forbe's. 

Bourlamaque had on receipt of orders from Vandreuil retired 
down Lake Champ] ain leaving four hundred men under Hebecourt 
to defend the fort as long as possible and then to abandon Ticon- 
deroga and later when pressed Crown Point and to retreat to Isle- 
aux-Noix at the outlet of Lake Champlain, where defense was to be 
made to the last extremity. When the English battery was ready 
to open fire Hebecourt saw that further resistance was useless and 
lighting a slow match to the magazine the French escaped down the 
lake in their boats and a few hours later an explosion which hurled 
one bastion of old Fort Carillon skyward shook the promontory. 
Thus did French Carillon become English Ticonderoga and "Ticon- 
deroga 1758-9" should be among the battle honors to be borne on 
the Colors of the Black Watch. It is true that these honorary dis- 
tinctions are only awarded by the King in case of victory but Ti- 
conderoga 1758-9 would certainly be as much a victory as "South 
Africa 1899-1902," which has been granted. South Africa was 
not all victory and the Black Watch suffered at Magersfontein as 
it did at Ticonderoga under Abererombie. 

The length of time elapsed since the battle would also be no 
objection to the honor being new granted as it was not until 1910, 
two and one half centuries after, that the Regiments which upheld 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 29 

British honor ou the Coast of Morocco were authorized to bear 
"Tangier 1662-1680'' on their colors and appointments. 

Ticonderoga is the one place on the American continent where 
England and France, Canada and the United States can all unite 
on one common ground. The Yankees and English can meet here 
and clasp hands over the time when they once fought together and 
there is not even a sectional feeling which detracts from the unani- 
mity. The North, South, East and West of the United States all 
join with equal fervor. Each nation had its defeats here at dif- 
ferent times but each also had its victories." Therefore there is no 
battle honor which could be conferred on any British regiment that 
would please more people of different nations than "Ticonderoga 
1758-9." The fact that there is at present in the village of Ticon- 
deroga a public library and historical building dedicated to a Brit- 
ish Regiment, even though this same regiment in its line of duty 
fought against us in a later war, is sufficient proof that we consider 
Ticonderoga of international history and above matters of local 
prejudice. 

The rest of the story is soon told. Crown Point was captured 
and the army was to have moved forward to Isle aux Noix and to 
the St. Lawrence but a succession of storms so delayed operations 
that further active movements were abandoned for the remainder 
of the season. Amherst profiting by the fatal precipitation of his 
predecessor was slow but sure and in this campaign was successful 
in every enterprise which he undertook. 

After the captui'e of CrowTi Point the army under Amherst 
was mainly employed in building boats on Lake Champlain and 
forts Amherst at Crown Point and Ticonderoga in the place of old 
Carillon. The Black Watch was stationed at Crown Point and 
helped to build Fort Amherst. In November, they went into 
camp for the winter and in the report of "Garrisons and Winter 
Quarters of His Majesty's forces in North America under the com- 
mand of His Excellency, Major General Amherst, Headquarters at 
New York, 15 Dec, 1759" in the Public Record Office the stations of 
the Black Watch were as follows: 1st Battalion Royal Highland 
Regiment, 1 company Halfway Brook, 5 companies Fort Edward. 
1 company Fort Miller, 1 company Saratoga, 1 company Stillwater 
and 1 company Halfmoon, 2d Battalion Royal Highland Regiment, 



30 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Albany, one Battalion of the Inniskilling (27th Foot) and two 
companies of the Rangers were left at Crown Point, six companies 
Late Brig. Gen'l Forbes 's (17th Foot) at Ticonderoga, and four 
companies 17th Foot at Fort George. The following season (1760) 
the Black Watch was with Amherst at the capture of Montreaf 
which was the end of the French domain on the American Conti- 
nent. 

In 1761 the Black Watch with ten regiments embarked for Bar- 
badoes there to join an armament against Martinique and Havana. 
After the surrender of Havana, the first battalion of the 42nd and 
Montgomery's Highlanders embarked for New York which they 
reached in the end of October, 1762. Before leaving Cuba most 
of the second battalion of the 42nd fit for service were consolidated 
with the first, and the remainder shipped to Scotland wdiere they 
M^ere reduced the following year. 

The Black Watch was stationed at Albany until the suiimier 
of 1763, when they with a detachment of Montgomery's High- 
landers and another of the 60th, under command of Col. Heniy 
Boquet were sent to the relief of Fort Pitt then beseiged by the 
Indians. The 42nd passed the winter at Fort Pitt and during the 
summer of 1764, eight companies were sent with the army of Boquet 
against the Ohio Indians. After subduing the Indians they return- 
ed to Fort Pitt, January, 1765. The regiment remained in Penn- 
sylvania until the month of July, 1767, when it embarked at Phila- 
delphia for Ireland. Such of the men who preferred to remain in 
America M^ere permitted to join other regiments. These volunteers 
were so numerous that along with those who had been previously 
sent home disabled and others discharged and settled in America, 
the regiment that returned was very small in proportion to that 
which had left Scotland. 

Let us now turn our attention to Major Duncan Campbell as 
not only would no sketch of the Black Watch of Ticonderoga be 
complete without the legend with which his name is associated, but 
we are perhaps more interested in him than any other other officer 
of the Regiment of that time because he lies buried in 
the cemetery midway between Hudson Falls (formerly Sandy Hill) 
and Fort Edward. The other officers and men who were killed 
July 8, 1758, were doubtless buried on the field of battle and if the 




AT INVERAWE 

Old Inverawe House From the River Awe. With Ben Cruachan in the Background 

View From the West. X Marks the Window of the Ghost Room 

Bridge Over the Awe Built by Captain William Pitman About 1756 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 31 

graves, wiere ever marked these marks have long since been des- 
troyed. 

No ghost story is more widely known or better authenticated 
than that of Duncan Campbell of Inverawe. It has been made the 
subject of an address before this Association by the late Robert 0. 
Bascom at the meeting of July 30, 1901, and has been repeated in 
many foniLS and in various publications but it will bear still one 
more repetition. The follownig is taken from Parkman's "Mont- 
calm and Wolfe" and is the story as was told by Dean Stanley and 
endorsed by the family of the hero of the tale : 

"The ancient castle of Inverawe stands by the banks of the 
Awe, in the midst of the wild and picturesque scenery of the West- 
ern Highlands. Late one evening, before the middle of the last cen- 
tury, as the laird, Duncan Campbell, sat alone in the old hall, there 
was a loud knocking at the gate; and, opening it, he saw a stranger, 
with torn clothing and kilt besmeared with blood, who in a 
breathless voice begged for asylum. He went on to say that he had 
killed a man in a fray, and that the pursuers were at his heels. 
Campbell promised to shelter him. "Swear on your dirk!"* said 
the stranger; and Campbell swore. He then led him to a secret 
recess in the depths of the castle. Scarcely was he hidden when 
again there was a loud knocking at the gate, and two armed men 
appeared. "Your cousin Donald has been murdered, and we are 
looking for the murderer!" Campbell, remembering his oath, pro- 
fessed to have no knowledge of the fugitive ; and the men went on 
their way. The laird, in great agitation, lay down to rest in a large 
dark room, where at length he fell asleep. Waking suddenly in be- 
wilderment and terror, he saw the ghost of the murdered Donald 
standing by his bedside, and heard a hollow voice pronounce the 
w^ords: "Iverawe! Iverawe ! blood has been shed. Shield not the 
murderer!" In the morning Campbell went to the hiding place 
of the guilty man and told him that he could harbor him no longer. 

* The oath of the CampbeHs of Inverawe was Dv Ben Cruachan. 



Bibliography of the Legend of Duncan Campbell of Inverawe. 

A. P. Stanley, "Inverawe and Ticonderoga," Fraser's Magazine, Oct. 
1880. 

Robert Louis Stevenson, poem on "Ticonderoga," Scribner's Magazine, 
December, 1887. 

Francis Parlcman, Appendix G. "Montcalm and Wolfe," and 'His- 
torical Handbook of the Northern Tour," Boston, 1885. 

Robert O. Bascom, "New York State Historical Proceedings," Vol. II., 
"Fort Edward Book," pages 80-88. 

C. F. Gordon Gumming in the Atlantic Monthly, September, 1884. 

W. Max Reid, "Lake George and Lake Champlain." 

Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, "Tales of the Highlands." 

Winsor's Critical and Narrative History of the United States. 

Lord Archibald Campbell, "Records of Argyle," "William Blackwood & 
Sons, 1885. 

Winsor's critical and narrative History of the L^nited States. 

"The Magazine of History," July, 1906. 



32 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

"You have sworn on your dirk!'' he replied; and the laird of In- 
verawe, greatly perplexed and troubled, made a compromise between 
conflicting duties, promised not to betray his guest, led him to the 
neighboring mountain (Ben Cruachan) and hid him in a cave. 

In the next night, as he lay tossing in feverish slumbers, the 
same stern voice awoke him, the ghost of his cousin Donald stood 
again at his bedside, and again he heard the same appalling words : 
"Inverawe! Inverawe ! blood has been shed. Shield not the mur- 
derer!" At break of day he hastened, in strange agitation, to the 
cave; but it was empty, the stranger had gone. At night, as he 
strove in vain to sleep, the vision appeared once more, ghastly pale, 
but less stern of aspect than before. "Farewell, Inverawe!" it 
said; "Farewell, till we meet at TICONDEROGA!" 

The strange name dwelt in Campbell's memory. He had 
joined the Black Watch, or Forty-second Regiment, then employed 
in keeping order in the turbulent Highlands. In time he became 
its major; and, a year or two after the war broke out, he went with 
it to America. Here, to his horror, he learned that it was ordered 
to the attack of Ticonderoga. His story was well known among 
his brother officers. They combined among themselves to disarm 
his fears ; and when they reached the fatal spot they told him on 
the eve of the battle,' ' This is not Ticonderoga ; we are not there 
yet; this is Fort G-eorge."^ But in the morning he came to them 
with haggard looks. "I have seen him! You have deceived me! 
He came to my tent last night ! This is Ticonderoga ! I shall die 
today!" and his prediction was fulfilled." 

As will be seen by the preceding pages. Inverawe lived nine 
days after the battle and was not even mortally wounded if it had 
been possible in those times to have had antiseptic treatment, but 
the real point of the legend is that he had been warned of Ticonde- 
roga when he did not know there was such a place, years before 
there was any prospect of his being sent there and when Ticondero- 
ga was only the Indian name for a point of land on a lake in the 
wilderness of a far off continent. 

To one interested no place could be more fascinating than old 
Inverawe- everything connected with it breathes of legend 
and romance and naturally this was one of the first places visited m 
our Black Watch pilgrimage last summer. Taynuilt, the railroad 
station nearest Inverawe is a small village across the Awe and 
about a mile away as the crow flies, but to drive to our destination, 
one must follow the road two miles up the River to the old bridge 



1. More probably Fort Carillon. , .^. 

2. Inver means "the mouth of," therefore the mouth ot the River Awe. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 33 

which was being built at the time that the Major left for the war 
in America in 1756. The builder was Captain William. Pitmap 
apparently a good friend of Duncan of Inverawe as he charged him 
with the safe keeping during his absence of his daughter Janet and 
his favorite dog. History does not record what happened to the 
dog but the Captain married the daughter and in time Inverawe 
became her property. She later sold Inverawe to her mother's 
brother, Col. Robert Campbell of Monzie, and when she left the es- 
tate she washed her hands at the border in a bottle of wine, which 
we were told was an old Highland custom. 

After crossing the Awe the road turns down the north side of 
the River and winds through a magnificent park some of the trees 
of which must certainly have been there before the Major's time. 
This is all the more remarkable because with the exception of the 
parks of the private estates Scotland is nearly a treeless country 
and even the mountains and wild land which with us would be cov- 
ered with forests, have there only grass and heather. Then at the 
end of a delightful four mile drive was old Inverawe house and a 
most cordial and hospitable welcome from its present owner. 

The old house has had many additions in the past one hundred 
and fifty years but the entrance hall and the main part of the build- 
ing and particularly the room where Duncan Campbell saw the 
ghost, are still very much as they were in his time. We endeavored 
to learn as much as possible of the family history of the Campbells 
of Inverawe, but like the records of the Black Watch of that time, 
there is little left but tradition. 

There are two legends of the Campbells of Inverawe which we 
found in the "Records of Argyle by Lord Archibald Campbell" 
which are interesting. It seems that a Mary Cameron of the Cam- 
erons of Callard Castle on the shores of Lochleven, who was forbid- 
den to love one Campbell, son of the house of Inverawe, their near- 
est neighbor, M^as locked in the highest room in the front tower of 
the castle as a cure. While there a boat came from foreign parts 
with rich shawls and other articles from the far east which were 
shown to the inmates of the castle, but the plague was also a part 
of the cargo of this mysterious boat and every inmate of the castle 
died, except Mary who on account of her being a prisoner was not 
exposed. But this left her in almost as fatal a predicament, as she 



34 NEW YORK STATE HISTORIC'xVL ASSOCIATION. 

was still locked in and likel}^ to starve to death, but she managed to 
attract the attention of a passing shepherd, and thus sent word to 
her lover who at once rescued her and in time they were married 
(about 1510) and we presume lived happily ever afterwards. 

Another family tradition was that a Campbell of Inverawe. 
dying, left a son and heir under the tutorship of his brother. The 
uncle, a man of fierce and remorseless disposition, had resolved to 
do away with his nephew and secure the estate to himself. The 
boy's nurse and foster-mother, upon learning this, fled with her 
charge to Carnassery in the parish of Kilniartin. When he was 
within a few years of becoming of age, his uncle invited him to 
come to Iverawe. Soon after his arrival, accompanied by his 
servant, he went out to shoot and on his return to the house dmner 
was ready. When it was being laid, the dogs of the house fought 
around the table and in the scufifle between them, the cloth was dis- 
arranged revealing a dagger at the end of the table where the uncle 
M^as to sit. The servant noticed the dagger and concluding that it 
boded no good to his master, informed the latter and counselled 
flight. Going to the stable they saddled the horses and fled. The 
uncle was no sooner aware of their flight than he set out in pursuit, 
disappointment and rage spurring him on, and overtook them in the 
wood of Nant. When they saw him coming on the hill above them, 
the servant said to the heir, "Yonder is your uncle coming in pur- 
suit of us. If you do not kill him, he will kill you." The young 
man hesitated at first to take his uncle's life but realizing the truth 
of what his servant had said, he put an arrow to the bow, took aim 
and sent it to its mark. The uncle fell dead from his horse, the 
victim of his own wickedness and cruelty. A cairn of stones covers 
the spot where he fell and is called Cairn Mhic Dhonnchaidh to 
this day. 

The Campbells of Inverawe were descended from Duncan, one 
of the sons of Neil. 10th knight of Lochawe, hence the Gaelic name 
for the family was Mac Dhonnchaidh lonaratha, which means Mac 
Duncan of Iverawe. 

Since Janet soldi the Inverawe estate to her mother's uncle, 
Col. Robert Campbell of Monzie, the estate passed forever from the 
ownership of the Campbells of Inverawe and all further trace of 
this branch seems to be lost. Janet, who married William Pitman, 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 35 

had only one daughter Susan who died unmarried. As has already 
been seen, Lieut. Alexander Campbell was wounded at Ticonderoga, 
died at Glasgow, and was unmarried. All are united that Duncan 
of Inverawe had a third child but there seems to be conflicting tes- 
timony as to whether it was a boy or a girl. We were told at In- 
verawe that the third child was a son who died unmarried, in which 
event this line would have entirely died out, but Captain Douglass 
Wimberley of Inverness who has written a book on the Campbells 
of Kilmartin and Inverawe, states that the third child was a daugh- 
ter named Ann who married Campbell of Achlain and had seven 
sons and five daughters, but no more mention is made of this 
branch of the family and we were unable to trace them further. 

We tried to find a portrait of Duncan Campbell, but there was 
not even a tradition of his personal appearance. Charles Mac- 
Donald of Barrachander, the head gamekeeper, a man now over 
eighty, wlio has been on the Inverawe estate all his life, and his 
father before him, said that from his knowledge of the family he 
would judge him to have been a large man with dark complexion. 
When we reached home, we questioned the Gilchrist family, de- 
scendants of the Alexander Gilchrist in whose family lot Duncan 
Campbell had been buried, and they make the following statement : 
In 1871, Walter and James Gilchrist, now dead, moved Duncan 
Campbell's body from the old cemetery at Fort Ediward to the 
present grave. The body was found in a sealed leaden casket in a 
brick lined grave and the Gilchrist brothers, being curious to see 
if anything remained after so many years, opened the coffin. When 
the casket was first opened the body was found to be intact and al- 
most as natural as when first buried but in a few minutes after the 
air touched it, it fell away to dust. The body was of a large man 
with dark complexion. This tallies exactly with the description of 
Duncan Campbell as given by Charles MacDonald and is probably 
as near as we will ever be able to get it. 

There is still another mystery connected with the family of 
Duncan of Iverawe, and that is, how does it happen that his wife 
lies buried in the same graveyard in far-away America, for in the 
Gilchrist lot is a tombstone which reads, ' ' In memory of Mrs. Ann 
Campbell of the Family of Balenabe and Consort of Mr. Duncan 
Campbell, who died August the 10th, 1777 in the 74th year of her 



36 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

age." It would seem almost certain that on account of the similar- 
ity of ages and the coincidence of names that this must have been 
the wife of the Major, but did she come to America with him as was 
the custom of the wives of the officers of that day and continue to 
live with her relatives until her death? The fact that no mention 
is made of her ownership of Inverawe, which seemed to pass from 
Mayor Duncan to the daughter Janet would make this probable. 
As has been noted Duncan Campbell died in 1758 at the age of 
55, which would make the year of his birth 1703 and Mrs. Ann 
Campbell dying at 74 years in 1777 would make the same date of 
birth. Captain Douglas Wimberley gives the wife of Duncan of 
Inverawe as Johanna, daughter of Campbell of Ballinaby, the tomb- 
stone states Ann of Balenabe, which is quite near enough for that 
period when correct spelling was not one of the virtues. As has 
perhaps been already noted Inverawe is spelled Inversaw on the 
Duncan Campbell tombstone. Another headstone beside Mrs. Ann 
Campbell in the Gilchrist lot reads "Ann Campbell, Daughter of 
Mr. Archibald and Mrs. Floranee Campbell, who died August 
the 11th. 1777 in the 4th year of her age." It would seem quite 
probable that Mrs. Ann Campbell was staying at Mr. Archibald 
Campbell's at the time of her death and as they died only one day 
apart that she and the infant Ann, were both stricken with some 
contagious disease. This second tombstone may give us the clew 
which will unravel the mystery of relationship and that this and 
some of the other questions which have arisen may be answered in 
some future article. 




OTHER CAMPBELL (iRAVES NEAR DUNCAN CAMPBELL'S 

Two White Marble Head Stones in Gilchrist Lot. Union Cemetery. Between Hudson Falls (Formerly Sandy Hill) 
and Fort Edward. (Inscriptions have been outlined in lead pencil for this photograph.) 



APPENDIX 



ROLL FROM AN OLD PAPER IN POSSESSION OF THE 

7TH DUKE OF ATHOLL. OFFICERS OF THE 42ND 

HIGHLANDERS, NEW YORK, MAY 22, 1757. 

Lt. Col. Francis Grant, son of the Laird of Grant, wounded at 
Ticonderoga. 

Major Duncan Campbell, of Inverawe, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Captain Gordon Graham, of Drainie. wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Captain John Reid. of Straloch, wounded at Martinique. 

Captain John McNeil, 

Captain Allan Campbell, son of Barcaldine. 

Captain Thomas Graeme, of Duchray, wounded at Ticon- 
deroga. 

■ Captain James Abercrombie. 

Captain John Campbell, of Straclmr, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Captain John Campbell, of Duneavis, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant William Grant, of Rothiemurchus family, wound- 
ed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant Robert Gray, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant John Campbell, younger of Glenlyon, wounded at 
Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant George Farquharson, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant Sir James Cockburn.i 

Lieutenant Kenneth Tolmie. 

Lieutenant James Grant (adjutant, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant John Graham (quartermaster), wounded at Ticon- 
deroga and wounded at Fort Pitt. 

Lieutenant Hus:h McPhei*son, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant Alex. Turnbull, of Strathcavers. wounded at Mar- 
tinique. 

Lieut. Sir James Cockburn. transferred to 48th Foot Ensign Pat- 




Albany, May, 27, 1758.) 



38 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, 

Lieutenant Alex. Campbell, son of Inverawe, wounded at Ti- 
conderoga. 

Lieutenant Alex. Mcintosh, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant James Gray. 

Lieutenant William Baillie, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant Hugh Arnot. 

Lieutenant John Suthej-land, killed at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant John Small. 

Lieutenant Archibald Campbell. 

Lieutenant James Campbell. 

Lieutenant Archibald Lamont. 

Ensign Duncan Campbell, wounded at Fort Pitt. 

Ensign Patrick Balneavis,i son of Edradour, wounded at Ti- 
conderoga, wounded at Martinique. 

Ensign Patrick Stewart, ^ son of Bonskeid, killed at Ticonde 
roga. 

Ensign Norman MacLeod. 

Ensign George Campbell. 

Ensign Donald Campbell. ^ 

Ensign James Mcintosh, wounded at Fort Pitt. 

Ensign Alex. Mcintosh, wounded at Martinque. 

Ensign Peter Grant, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Three additional Companies embarked for America, Novem- 
ber, 1757. 

Captain James Stewart, younger of Urrard, wounded at Ticon- 
deroga. 

Captain James Murray, son of Lord G. Murray, wiounded at 
Ticonderoga, wounded at Martinique. 

Captain Thomas Stirling, younger of Ardoch, wounded at Mar- 
tinique, wounded at New Jersey, 

Lieutenant Simon Blair. 

Lieutenant David Barclay, killed at Martinique. 

Lieutenant Archibald Campbell, wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant Alex. Mackay. 

Lieutenant Alex. Menzies. 



1. See Foot Note at bottom of preceding page. 

2. Miss Ethel Lomas, copiest at Public Record Office, London, is 
authority for the statement that this should be Peter (not Patrick) Stewart 

3. Son of Capt. Lauchlin Campbell of Island of Isla and New York 
Colony. 




Blair Castle at Blair Atholl. the Principal Seat of the The Duke of Atholl Reviewing the Atholl High- 

Duke of Atholl. Oldest Part of Castle Built About landers, a Guard of Over 200 From Atholl Estate. 

1255 Whose Average Height is Nearly Six Feet 

SIR JOHN JAMES HUGH HENRY STEWART-MURRAY. K. T. SEVENTH DUKE OF ATHOLL 

Honorary Colonel Third Battalion the Black Watch and Present Head the Clan Murray 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



39 



Lieutenant David Milne,"* wounded at Ticonderoga, wounded 
at Martinique. 

Ensign Duncan Stewart, son of Dereulich. 

Ensign George Rattray, son of Dalralzion, killed at Ticonde- 
roga. 

Ensign Alex. Farquharson. 

4. This name is given as David Mills in tlie Army List, but tlie Dulce 
of AthoU is authority for the statement that Milne is correct. 

5. "Ensign John Smith is added in ink to the 1858 Army List in the 
N. Y. State Library at Albany and is also marked as "wounded at Ticon- 
deroga." 



B 

ROLL OF CAPT. JOHN REID'S COMPANY, NOV., 1757. 

The following is the roll of Capt. John Reid's Company of 
the 42nd, wjhich was commanded by Capt. James Murray during 
the expedition. Taken from Atholl Records, page 440, Vol. III. 

Capt. James Murray, wounded. Sergt. Alex'r Cumming. 



Lieut. Kenneth Tolmie. 
Lieut. David Mill, wounded. 
Ensign Charles Menzies. 
Sergt. James McNab. 
Sergt. John McAndrew. 
Sergt. John Watson. 

Wm. Anderson. 

John Buchanan, killed. 

Angus Cameron. 

Hugh Cameron, killed. 

Wm. Carmichael. 

Donald Carr, killed. 

Hugh Christie. 

Alex. Cumming. 

James Farquharson, killed. 

Alex. Eraser. 

DonaJd Fraser. 

Donald Fraser. 



Corporal John Cumming. 
Corporal Jonathan Grant. 
Corporal Angus McDonald. 
Corporal John Stewart. 
Drum Walter Mclntyre, killed. 
Drum Alan Campbell. 

Privates. 

Hugh Fraser. 
Hugh Fraser, killed. 
John Forbes. 
John Graham. 
Donald Grant. 
James Grant. 
John Grant. 
John Grant. 
William Grant. 
James Gordon. 
William Gordon. 
Donald Kennedy. 



40 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 



Donald Kennedy. 
John Kennedy. 
George Me Adam. 
John McArthur. 
Donald McColl. 
Donald McDiarmid. 
Angus McDonald. 
Arch'd McDonald. 
Arch'd McDonald, killed. 
James McDonald, killed. 
John McDonald. 
Lachlan McDonald. 
William McDonald, killed. 
Neil McEachern. 
Peter McFarlane. 
Peter McFarlane, killed. 
John McGillvray. 
Leonard McGlashan. 
Alex McGregor. 
Donald McGregor. 
Robert McGregor. 
John Mcintosh. 
Alex Mclntyre. 
Donald Mclntyre. 
James Mclntyre, killed. 
Hector Mclnven. 
Hugh McKay. 
Alexr McKenzie. 
Hugh McKenzie. 
Hugh McKenzie. 
John McKenzie, killed. 
John McKenzie. 
Roderick McKenzie. 
Dougall McLachlan, killed. 
John McLaren. 
Roderick McLaren. 



Neil McLeod. 

Norman McLeod, killed. 

Donald McLeish. 

Donald McLeish. 

William McLinnion. 

Neil McMillan. 

Donald McNeil, killed. 

Neil McNeil. 

Hugh McPhee. 

John McPhee. 

Alex McPherson. 

Donald McPherson. 

Donald McQueen, killed. 

James Michael. 

Donald Murray. 

James Murray. 

James Rea. 

Alex'r Reid. 

Alex'r Ross. 

Donald Ross. 

Hugh Ross, killed. 

John Ross. 

Donald Robertson. 

Neil Shaw. 

John Sinclair, died of wounds. 

John Smith. 

Walter Spaulding. 

Alex'r Stewart. 

Charles Stewart, died of wounds. 

Donald Stewart, died of wounds. 

Walter Stewart, died of wounds. 

Robert Urquhart. 

Donald Watson. 

Donald Wheet. 

William Wishart. 

Duncan Wright. 



The above roll was made out at the muster in October, 1757, 
and contains the names of those who served in the Company for 
the previous six months. Unfortunately the names of the non- 
commissioned officers and men who were wounded at Ticonderoga 
are not shown. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



41 



ROLL OF CAPT. JAMES MURRAY'S COMPANY, NOV., 1757. 

This Company was at Fort Edward captained by Capt. James 
Abercrombie and not in the battle of July 8, 1758. 

Atholl Records, p. 431, Vol. III. 
Sergt. Wm. Grant. Corporal John Leslie. 

Sergt. Charles Robinson. Corporal Robert Lachlan. 

Sergt. John McQueen. Drummer Alan Campbell. 



George Bremmer. 
Donald Brown. 
Duncan Cameron. 
John Campbell. 
Donald Conacher. 
William Cowie. 
James Douglas. 
Donald Drummond. 
James Duncan. 
Alex Fraser (1). 
Alex Fraser (2). 
William Fife. 
Robert Grant. 
Alex Irvine. 
James Kennedy. 
Duncan McAndrew. 
Donald McDiarmid. 
Archibald McDonald. 
Archibald McDonald. 
Donald McDonald. 
John McDonald. 
William McDonald. 
Peter McFarlane. 
Alex'r Mcintosh. 
Robert Mcintosh. 
Robert Mcintosh. 
William Mcintosh. 
Donald McLean. 
Donald McLean. 



Privates. 

Thos. McNab. 
Alex McPherson. 
James McPherson. 
Donald McRaw. 
Robert Menzies. 
William Munro. 
John Murray. 
Alex'r Nicholson. 
Alex'r Norrie. 
Alex'r Reid. 
Alex'r Robertson. 
Angus Robertson. 
Archibald Robertson. 
Charles Robertson. 
Donald Robertson. 
James Robertson. 
James Robertson. 
John Robertson. 
Peter Robertson. 
James Scroggie. 
Alex'r Stewart. 
Alex'r Stewart. 
Alex'r Stewart. 
John Stewart. 
Robert Stewart. 
Thomas Stewart. 
William Stewart. 
John Wighton. 
John Wiffhton. 



42 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 



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LORD HOWE STONE 

Unearthed at Ticonderoga, Cct. 1889, Now Preserved in Black Watch Memorial 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 43 



COMPARISON OF LOSSES OF BLACK WATCH AT TICON- 
DEROGA WITH THOSE OF OTHER WARS. 

In the "Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861, 
1865. A treatise on the extent and nature of the mortuary lo^es 
in the Union Regiments, with full and exhaustive statistics com- 
piled from the official records on file on the State Military Bureaus 
and at Washington, by William F. Fox, Lieut. Col. U. S. V., presi- 
dent of the Society of the 12th Army Corps; late president of the 
107th New York Veteran Volunteer Association. Albany Publish- 
ing Company, Albany, N. Y., 1899." The writer states that he has 
examined the records of 2,000 regiments of the Union Army and on 
page 2 he says, "The one regiment in all the Union Army which 
sustained the greatest loss in battle during the American Civil 
War was the 5th New Hampshire Infantry. It lost 295 men kill- 
ed or mortally wounded in action during the four years of service 
from 1861 to 1865. It served in the first division, second corps. 
This division was commanded successively by Generals Richardson, 
Hancock, Caldwell, Barlow and Miles and any regiment that fol- 
lowed the fortunes of these men was sure to find plenty of bloody 
work cut out for it. Its loss includes 18 officers killed, a number 
far in excess of the usual proportions and indicates that the men 
were bravely led." 

' ' There were 34 regiments of the Union Army whose casualities 
in killed, wounded or missing amounted to 58 per cent or over of the 
men engaged in one battle in each case, however, there was not a 
full regiment engaged. For example, the 1st Minnesota at Gettys- 
burg, which was the highest per centage, had 47 killed and 168 
wounded, or a total loss of 215 out of 262 men engaged. This is a 
loss of 82 per cent. 

The 9th Illinois at Shiloh had 61 killed, 300 wounded and 5 
missing, a total of 63.3 per cent. 

The Light Brigade which has been immortalized by Tenny- 
son, took 673 officers and men into that charge at Balaklava in 
which 113 were killed and 134 wounded, a total of 247 or 36.7 per 
cent. 



44 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 



The heaviest loss in the German army of the Franco-Prussian 
war was the 16th Infantry (3d Westphalian) at Mars LaTour 
which had 509 killed, 619 wounded, 365 missing, a total of 1,484 or 
49.4 per cent out of 3,000 men. The regiments of the German army 
have 3,000 men." 

The above are the greatest casualties suffered in three great 
waj^s taken from a book compiled by an authority who had made 
a study of the subject. Compare with these the loss of the Black 
Watch at Ticonderaga given by Col. Stewart of Garth as 8 officers, 
9 sergeants and 297 men killed and 17 officers, 10 sergeants and 306 
soldiers wounded or a casualty of 647 (64.7 per cent) out of the 
1,000 men of the 42nd reported by General Abercrombie at Lake 
George, June 29, 1758. 



TABLE OF LOSSES OF BLACK WATCH IN SEVEN 
YEAH WAR. 

The loss sustained by the regiment during the seven years it 
was employed in America and the West Indies was as follows: 



KILLED 



WOUNDED 



O 

O S 

, faO 

Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 1 1 

Martinique, January, 1759 

Gaudeloupe, Feb. and Mar., 1759 
General Amherst's Expedition 

to the Lakes, July and Aug., 

1759 

Martinique, Jan. and Feb., 1762. 1 
Havana, June and July, 1762, 

both battalions 

Expedition under Colonel Bo- 

quet, August, 1763 1 

Second Expedition under Bo- 

quet, in 1764 and 1765 

Total in the Seven Years' War . 1 3 
Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 






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O G Oi ^ 

'^ B ^ .^ 

•rH C3 S <D " »H 

^ Q O} c/^ O Ph 



6 9 



1 1 



1 1 



1 1 



2 297 

8 

25 

3 
12 

6 

26 

7 



9 12 2 384 



5 12 10 306 

1 2 22 
4 3 57 



1 4 

11 7 3 1 72 

1 12 

1 1 2 2 30 

1 19 

1 7 25 22 4 522 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 45 



OFFICIAL TITLES OF BLACK WATCH AT DIFFERENT 

PERIODS. 

1667 to 1739, The Black Watch. 

1739 to 1749, 43d Regiment of Foot (The Highland Regiment). 

1749 to 1758, 42nd Regiment of Foot (The Highland Regi- 
ment). 

1758 to 1861, 42nd (or Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot. 

1861 to 1881, 42nd Royal Highlanders (The Black Watch). 
3881 to date, 1st Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). 



1758 to 1763, 2nd Battalion 42nd (or Royal Highland) Regiment of 

Foot. 

1780 to 1786, 2nd Battalion 42nd (or Royal Highland), Regiment 

of Foot. 

1786 to 1862, 73d (Highland) Regiment of Foot. i 

1862 to 1881 73d (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot. 

1881 to date, 2nd Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). 

PRINCIPAL CAMPAIGNS, BATTLES, ETC. 

*" Honors" on the Colors, the figures showing the Battalion 
concerned. 

1743-47 Flanders. 1776 Fort Washington. 

1745 Fontenoy. 1777 Pisquata. 

1745 Jacobite rising. 1777 Brand.ywine. 

1757-60 Canada. 1777 Germantown. 

1758 Ticonderoga. 1778 Freehold. 

1759 Guadaloupe. 1780 Charlestown. 
1762 Martinique. *1783 Mysore (2). 

1762 Havannah. *1783 Mangalore (2). 
1762-67 Indian Frontier. 1793 Pondicherry. 

1763 Bushy Run. 1793-95 Flanders. 
1775-81 America. 1793 Nieuport. 
1776 Long Island. 1794 Nimeguen. 
1776 White Plains. 1795 Ceylon. 

1776 Brooklyn. 1795 Guildermalsen. 



46 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 



1796 St. Lucia. 


*1814 Orthes (1). 


1797 St. Vincent. 


1814 Antwerp. 


1798 Minorca. 


*1814 Toulouse (1). 


*1799 Seringapatam (2). 


1815 Quatre Bras. 


1799 Genoa. 


*1815 Waterloo (1 & 2). 


1799 Cadiz. 


1815 Netherlands. 


1800 Malta. 


*1846-53 South Africa (2) 


*1801 Egypt (1). 


*1854 Alma (1). 


1801 Alexandria. 


1854 Balaclava. 


1801 Aboukir. 


1854 Kertch. 


1801 Mandora. 


1855 Yenikale. 


*1808-14 Peninsula (1). 


*1855 Sevastopol (1). ■ 


1808 Roleia. 


1857-58 Indian Mutiny. 


1808 Vimiera. 


1857 Cawnpore. 


*1809 Conmna (1). 


*1858 Lucknow (1). 


1810 Busaco. 


*1874 Ashantee (1). 


*1811 Fuentes d'Onor (1). 


*1882-84 Egypt (1). 


1812 Ciudad Rodrigo. 


*1882 Tel-el-Kebir (1). 


1812 Salamanca. 


*1884-85 Nile (1). 


1812 Burgos. 


1884 El-Teb. 


*1813 Pyrenees (1). 


1884 Tamai. 


1813 Gohrde. 


*1885 Kirbekan (1). 


*1813 Nivelle (1). 


*1899-1902 South Africa. 


*1813 Nive (1). 


*1900 Paardeberg 



H 

BRITISH REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA, 1758. 
With Notes From Farmer's Fegimental Eecords. 
27th. 
1751-1881, The 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot. Also 
1758 "Lord Blakeney's." 

1881 (from) First Battalion "The Royal Inniskilling Fusi- 
liers." 

Nickname— "The Lumps." 

Notes. — Formed from three Companies of the Inniskilling forces. It is 
unique in using the old Irish war-pipes. While employed on the Isthmus 
of Darien all but nine of six hundred men succumbed. Foi- distinguished 
gallantry at St. Lucia, in 1696, it was directed that the French garrison in 
marching out should lay down their arms to the 27th, other marks of 
favor being likewise accorded to the officers and men of the regiment. 



y 



fMASSACHUStTSl 

BAY 
iNEVVENCLANr 



|the.PROVIN( \CHUSETS B-\Y in new ENGLAND 

IBV ANORDLK .., , GREAT AN D GLN ERAL COU RT 
[BEARING DATE FEIi^ rM/ip^AUSED THIS MONUMENT TO 

: <;r HIS ACE^ ,N TESTIMONV or ™^/, '"" '""'= 5^" YEAR 






[Specially Taken by the Head Verger for J. A. Holden] 

LORD HOWES MONUMENT IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 47 

42nd. 

1749-58, 42nd Regiment of Foot (The Highland Regiment). 

1758-1861, 42nd (or Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot. Also 
"Lord John Murray's," 1758 and 59. 

1881 (from) 1st Battalion The Black Watch (Royal High- 
landers). 

Regimental Badges— "The Royal Cypher within the Garter." 
The badge and motto of the Order of the Thistle. Also (in each 
of the four corners) the Royal Cypher ensigned with the Imperial 
Crown. Also " ' The Spinx " (for Egypt, 1801 ) . 

Notes — The 1st Battalion of this famous corps, the oldest Highland 
regiment in the British army, was raised from six Independent companies 
of Highlanders. Its sombre dress of black, blue, and green tartan gave 
rise to its popular name. To enumerate its services is simply to narrate 
the military history of Great Britain since the early part of the last cen- 
tury. Hardly a campaign has been conducted, or a battle fought, in which 
the Black Watch — one battalion or the other, or both in company — has not 
participated; always with bravery, and frequently with conspicuous gal- 
lantry. Thereto its records of services abundantly testifies. At Fontenoy, 
Ticonderoga, and at Bushy Run "extraordinary" and unexampled" gal- 
lantry was shown. It received Royal distinction in its change of title !n 
1758, and was privileged to wear the red heckle in the bonnet, in recogni- 
tion of its conduct at the battle of Guildermalsen in 1795. In Egypt (in 
1801, for which it bears "The Sphinx), before Alexandria, it captured the 
Standard of the French Invincible Legion. Since then it has heaped fame 
on fame, and added "honor" to "honor" to its colours. Nor has the 2nd 
Battalion (raised in Perthshire in 1758 as the second Battalion of the 42nd, 
but, renumbered, long known as the 73rd prior to the territorial restoration 
of the ancient status) failed to win fresh laurels as occasion arose. At 
Mangalore (1783) against Tippoo Sahib, and side bv side with the senior 
Battalion at Waterloo, in the Netherlands, in the Indian Mutiny, and in the 
Kaffir wars of 1846-53, it has worthily sustained the undying fame of the 
regiment. Recent events in South Africa show that neither the officers nor 
the men of todav have lost one iota of that traditional dash, determination, 
and ihe bravery which have won for the Black Watch so glorious a place 
in British military annals. 

44th. 

1751-82, The 44th Eegiment of Foot. Also 1758, "General 
Ahererombie 's. ' ' 

1881 (from) The First Battalion "The Essex Regiment." 
Nicknames— "The Two Fours" (of the 44th). "The Little 
Fighting Fours." (the regiment saw hard service in the Peninsula, 
and its men were of small average stature). "The Pompadours" 
and "Saucy Pompeys." (Tradition relates that when the facings 
were changed in 1764 (the crimson not wearing well) the Colonel 
desired Blue, but. the authorities objecting, he chose Purple, a fav- 
orite color of Madame de Pompadour, a mistress of Louis XV, of 
France). 

Notes — The 44th captured an Eagle of the 62nd French Infantry at 
Salamanica. 



48 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

46th. 

1751-82, The 46th Reg-iment of Foot. Also 1758 "Lieut. Gen. 
Thomas Murray's." 

1881 (from) Second Battalion "Duke of Cornwall's Light In- 
fantry. ' ' 

Nicknames— These pertain to the late 46th: "Murray's 
Buck's" (froiji Colonel's name (1743-64) and its smart appear- 
ance on home duty in Scottish Royal livery). "The Surp risers" 
(from an incident (1777) in the American War). "The Lacede- 
monians" (its Colonel once, when under heavy fire, made a disci- 
plinarian speech concerning the Lacedemonians). Also in early 
days, "The Edinburgh Regiment." "The Red Feathers." "The 
Docs" (the initials). 

Note — "The Two Feathers" Is a distinction of the 46th, a Light com- 
pany of which, in 1777, witli others were brigaded as "The Light Bat- 
talion." The Americans were so harassed by the Brigade that tiiey vowed 
"No Quarter." In derision, to prevent mistaltes, the Light Battalion dyed 
their feathers red; the 46th Foot alone has retained the distinction. 

55th. 
1757-82, The 55th Regiment of Foot. Also "Lord Howe's" in 
1858 and "Prideaux's" in 1759. 

1881 (from) Second Battalion "The Border Regiment." 
Nickname— "The Two Fives" (to the 55th for its number). 

Notes — The Dragon of China is on the Regimental Badge of the 55th 
in honor of the victorious campaign in China in 1840-42. 

1st and 4th Battalions 60th. 
1755-57, The 62nd (Royal American) Regiment of Foot; re- 
numbered. 

1757-1824, The 60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot. 
1881 (from) "The King's Royal Rifle Corps." 

Notes — This regiment, though possessing no "Colors," bears more 
honors than any other regiment, the Highland Light Infantry coming- 
next wth twenty-nine. Motto, "Swift and Bold," bestowed according to 
tradition by General Wolfe in recognition of its conduct at Quebec. 

80th. 
1758-64, The 80th (Light-armed) Regiment of Foot. Also 
"Gage's." (Disbanded 1764). 

The Royal Regiment of Artillery 
One arm or other of this branch of the Service has, obviously, 
taken part in every campaign ; a particularised list is therefore un- 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 49 

necessary. The guns are the "Colours" of the Artillery, and as 
such are entitled to all "parade honours." Formerly, regimental 
honors appear to have been worn by certain companies. Amongst 
such were "Niagara," "Leipsic," "Waterloo," and "The Dragon 
of China." 

Nicknames— 'The Gunners;" "The Four-wheeled Hussars" 
(of the Royal Horse Artillery). 

Notes — Trains of artillery seem to have been raised In the time of 
Henry VIII. ;and up to 1716 appear to have been disbanded after eacli cam- 
paign. In 1716 several companies received permanent corporate existence, 
since which exigencies of modern warfare have led to an enormous in- 
crease in the number of batteries. But from first to last, the record of the 
Royal Artillery has been one of distinction, and it may fitly be said to 
share the honors of all other regiments. The Royal Irish Ai'tillery were 
absorbed in 1801, and the East India Company's Artillery in 1858. 

BRITISH REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA, 1759. 

1st. 

1751-1812, The 1st. or The Royal Regiment of Foot, also the 
"Royals." 

1881 (from) The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment). 

Nickname— "Pontius Pilate's Body-guard." It is a legend 
of the Regiment that the Romans carried off a number of wild, war- 
like Highlanders as prisoners after their conquest of Britian, and 
these men and their descendants became soldiers of the Roman 
Empire and as such they guarded the tomb of Our Savior after 
the crucifixion. This Scottish company, for it only consisted of 
one hundred men under a centurion, was kept distinct from the 
Roman Arm}' proper. At the time of the crucifixion they were 
called Pontius Pilate's Scotch Guards, and their descendendants 
were the nucleus of the First Royal Scots in later years. 

Notes — The oldest Regiment of Foot in the British Army. Tradition- 
ally regarded as the ancient body-guard of the Scottish kings, this famous 
corps was in the service of Sweden, as "Hepburn's Regiment," from 1625 
to 1633; and in that of France from 1633 to 1678, when (under Dumbarton) 
it came to England. It received its title in 1684 in recognition of tlie cap- 
ture of a Colour from the Moors at Tangier. At Sedgemoor (1685) it also 
captured the Duke of Monmouth's Standard. 

17th. 
1751-82, Tlie 17th Regiment of Foot. Also "Forbes.' " 
1881 (from) "The Leicestershire Regiment." 
Nicknames— "The Bengal Tigers" (from its badge); "The 
Lily-whites" (from its facings). 

Notes — Mainly raised near London; twelve regiments in all were 
formed in 1688, but this and the 16th (The Bedfordshire) are alone in 
commission now. 



50 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

27th. 
See above, Ticonderog'a, 1758. 

42nd. 
See above, Ticonderoga, 1758. 

55th. 
See above, Ticonderoga, 1758. 

77th. 
1756-63, The 77th (Montgomery Highlanders) Eegiment; dis- 
banded 1763. 

80th. 

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758. 

Royal Artillery. 
See above, Ticonderoga, 1758. 



PROVINCIAL REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA. 

( The writer will have to admit that this list is more or less in- 
complete, even the N. Y. State Library at Albany had only scatter- 
ed items. It would seem as if this would be a good subject for an 
article for some future meeting of the Association and any infor- 
mation will be gratefully received). 

1758. 

The New York Colonial Manuscripts, edited by Callaghan, 
page 732, in the list of regiments having officers wounded at the bat- 
tle of July 8, 1758, gives the following regiments: Col. De- 
Lancey's, New York; Col. Babcock's, Rhode Island; Col. Fitche's, 
Connecticut; Col. Worcester's, Connecticut; Col. Bagley's. Mas- 
sachusetts; Col. Partridge's, Massachusetts; Col. Preble's, Massa- 
chusetts; Col. Johnston's, New Jersey. Parkmen mentions Col. 
Bradstreet with his regiment of boatmen armed and drilled as sol- 
diers and it is also certain that Roger's Rangers were with the ex- 
pedition. 

The year book of the Maine Chapter of the Society of Colonial 
Wars for 1900 gives much information in regard to Col. Preble's 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 51 

regiment, Maine being in 1758 a part of Massachusetts. Mention is 
made in this article of regiments officered by "Col. Doty, Col. Jos- 
eph Williams, Col. Nickols, Col. Whitings." 

Also in the New York Colonial Manuscripts, Vol. 10, P. 827, 
it mentions a force of about 3,000 men nearly all of whom were 
provincials, under Col. Bradstreet, in the expedition against Fort 
Frontinac after the battle of July 8, 1758, and of the number of 
soldiers engaged, the list is given as New Yorkers 1112, Col. Will- 
iams' regiment 413, Col. Douty's 248, Rhode Island 318, and Jer- 
sey 418." 

It is not clear whether these regiments were at the battle of 
Ticonderoga and were not mentioned in list page 732 of the New 
York Colonial Manuscripts because none of the officers were wound- 
ed, or whether they were the same regiments but with different 
officers, a change having been made after the battle. 

1759. 
The provincial regiments mentioned in Commissary Wilson's 
Orderly Book as being in the Ticonderoga expedition of 1759 are 
as follows: Col. Lyman's Connecticut; Col. Whiting's, Connecti- 
cut; Col. Worcester's, Connecticut; Col. Fitch's, Connecticut; Col. 
Willard's, Massachusetts; Col. Ruggles', Massachusetts; Col. 
Lovell's, New Hampshire; Col. Schuyler's, New Jersey; Col. Bab- 
cock's, Rhode Island. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF AS MANY OF THE OF- 
FICERS OF 1758 AS COULD BE TRACED. 
James Ahercromhie. 

James Abercrombie was promoted to a captaincy in the 42d 
or 1st Battalion of the Royal Highlanders on the 16th of Febru- 
ary, 1756. On the 5th of May, 1759, he was appointed aid de 
camp to Maj. Gen. Amherst with whom he made the campaigns of 
that and the following year. On the 25th of July, 1760, he was 
appointed Major of the 78th or Eraser's Highlanders and in Sep- 
tember following was employed by Gen. Amherst in communicating 



52 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

to the Marquis de Vaudreuil the conditions preparatory to the sur- 
render of Montreal and in obtaining the signiture of that governor 
to them. (Knox's Journal), The 78th having been disbanded 
in 1763, Major Abercrombie retired on half pay. On the 27th of 
March, 1770, he again entered active service as Lt, Colonel of the 
22nd Regiment then serving in America under the command of Lt. 
Col. Gage and was killed in the memorable Battle of Bunker Hill 
on the 17th of June, 1775. 

New York Colonial Manuscripts by Broadhead, Weed, Parsons Co., Al- 
bany, 1856, page 160. 

Hugh Amot. 

Hugh Arnot was taken from the half pay list and appointed a 
Lieutenant in the 42nd Highlanders, 9th April, 1756, at the aug- 
mentation of that Regiment on its coming to America, and was pro- 
moted to a Company on the 27th December, 1757. He served in 
the unfortunate affair of Ticonderoga in 1758, and in 1759 ac- 
companied Amherst as above. On the 16th August, 1760. he ex- 
changed into the 46th Foot, in which Regiment he continued to 
serve until 1769, when his name was dropped from the Army List. 

Wilson's Orderly Book, p. 143. 

Patrick Balneaves. 

Patrick Balneaves, of Edradour, entered the 42nd, as Ensign- 
28th January, 1756, and was promoted to be Lieutenant 1st April, 
1758 ; he was wounded at Ticonderoga, 1758 ; and again at Martini- 
eo in 1762; became Captain-Lieutenant 23rd August, 1763, and 
left the army in 1770. 

Stewart. Army Lists. N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10. 

Allan Campbell. 

Allan Campbell, son of Barcaldine, entered the Army as En- 
sign of the 43d (now the 42d) Highlanders, Dec. 25, 1744, and 
served that year against the Pretender. "Was appointed lieutenant 
Dec. 1, 1746. He obtained a Company 13th of May, 1755, and the 
next year came to America, where he shared the difficulties and 
honors of the Regiment. In June, 1759, he was appointed Major 
for the Campaign under Amherst, and was actively employed at 
the Head of the Grenadiers and Rangers, clearing the way for the 



fe^M^M^' 








AT TICONDEROGA 

Tablet on Boulder Near French Lines at Fort Tieonderoga 
Tablet in Black Watch Memorial at Ticonderoga 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 53 

army up the Lakes. He became major in the army 15th Augus^ 

1762, and went on halfpay on the reduction of the regiment in 

1763, having obtained a grant of 5,000 acres of land at Crown Point. 
He served 19 yeai-s in the regiment. In 1770, he was appointed 
Major of the 36th or Herefordshire Foot, then serving in Jamaica ; 
became Lieutenant-Colonel in the army in ]May (1772), and of his 
regiment in January, 1778 ; Colonel in the Army, 17th Nov., 1780 ; 
Major-General in 1787 ; and died 1795. His Regiment did not 
serve in America during the Revolutionary War. 

Browne, IV, 150. 

Knox Journal, I, 373, 377, 387; II. 401. 

Army List. Commissary Wilson s Orderly Book. 1759. p. 18. Stewart 
of Garth Appendix. 

Donald Caniphell. 

Donald Campbell was the oldest son of Captain Lauchlan 
Campbell of the Island of Isla. He had two brothers and three 
sisters. His father, Lauchlan Campbell, was possessed of a high 
sense of honor and a good understanding; was active, loyal, of a 
military diposition, and withal, strong philanthropic inclinations. 
By placing implicit confidence in the royal governors of New York, 
he fell a victim to their roguery, deception and heartlessness, 
which ultimately crushed him and left him almost penniless. In 
1734 Colonel Cosby, Governor of the Province of New York, in 
order to encourage Protestants from Europe to settle on the north- 
ern frontier, promised to each family 200 acres of unimproved land 
%Anthout any fee or expenses whatsoever except a very moderate 
charge for surveying and liable only to the King's Quit Rent of one 
shilling and nine pence farthing per hundred acres. In 1737 these 
proposals fell into the hands of Captain Lauchlin Campbell and the 
same year he came to North America, and passing through the Pro- 
vince of Pennsylvania where he rejected many considerable offers 
that were made him. he proceeded to New York. Gov. Cosby was 
dead but George Clarke, then Governor, solemnly promised him 
that he should have 1,000 acres for every family that he brought 
over and each family have from 500 to 150 acres, but declined to 
make any grant until the families arrived. Capt. Campbell re- 
turned to Isla and brought back his own family and thirty other 
families. He made three trips and brought out in all 83 families 
composed of 423 persons, all sincere and loyal Protestants. But 



5-1: NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

after these perilous and expensive voyages, he found no longer the 
same countenance or protection but on the contrary it was insinuat- 
ed to him that he could have no land either for himself or the peo- 
ple. He had spent nearly all of his fortune in this undertaking 
and at last was obliged to take the little that remained and pur- 
chase seventy acres north of New York for the subsistence of him- 
self and family. In 1745 he went to Scotland and having the com- 
mand of a company of the Argyleshire men served with reputation 
under his Royal Highness the Duke against the Rebels. He re- 
turned to America in 1747 and not long after died of a broken 
heart, leaving his six children in very narrow and distressed cir- 
cumstances. 

At the commencement of the War with France, Donald and his 
two brothers entered the army and served in the 42nd, 48th and 
60th Regiments of Foot during the whole war, at the close of which 
Donald and one brother were reduced as Lieutenants upon half 
pay while the youngest boy still continued in the service. At the 
close of the war, Donald finding that many of the families which 
had come over with his father, were disposed to settle with him 
on the lands originally promised, if they could be obtained, peti- 
tioned the Governor in 1763 for the said lands but was able only 
to procure a grant of 10,000 acres. He then petitioned the Lords 
Commissioners of Trade to direct the Government of New York to 
grant him the 100,000 acres upon his undertaking to settle 100 
or 150 families upon the same within the space of three years. 
This petition though courteously expressed and eminently just, was 
rejected. The 10,000 acres which in 1763 were granted to Donald 
and his brothers, George and James, their three sisters and four 
other persons, three of whom were also named Campbell, was in 
the present township of Greenwich, Washington County. 

At the breaking out of the Revolution, Donald espoused the 
cause of the people but his two brothers sided with the British. 
Soon after all these passed out of the district and their whereabouts 
beame unknown. 

Highlanders in America by MacLean, page 17G, N. Y. Colonial Docu- 
ments, page 629. 

Duncan Camphell. 
Duncan Campbell, of Inverawe, having raised a company for 
the Black Watch, then numbered the 43rd, was commissioned Cap- 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 55 

tain, December 25, 1744; it became the 42iid in 1749; and in De- 
cember, 1755, Captain Campbell was promoted to the Majority of 
the regiment. He died of the wounds received at Ticonderoga. 

Stewart, I 279; II, Appendix No. II. 

John Camphell of Duneavis. 

John Campbell, of Duneaves, Perthshire, was originally a 
private in the Black Watch. In 1743, he was presented, with 
Gregor McGregor, to George II, as a specimen of the Highland sol- 
dier, and performed at St. James the broadsword exercise and that 
of the Lochaber axe, before his Majesty and a number of General 
officers. Each got a gratuity of a guinea, which they gave to the 
porter at the gate of the palace as they passed out. Mr. Campbell 
obtained an Ensigncy in 1745 for his bravery at the battle of Fon- 
tenoy; was promoted to be Captain-Lieutenant, 16th February, 
1756, and landed in New York the following June. He was among 
the few resolute men who forced their way into the work at Ticon- 
deroga, on the 8th of July, where he was killed. 

John Camphell, Junior {of Glenlyon). 

John Campbell, Junior, was commissioned Lieutenant of the 
42nd on the 16th May, 1748; was wounded at Ticonderoga, 1758; 
was made Captain 26th July, 1760; and went on half-pay at the 
peace of 1763. 

Stewart's Highlanders, I, 250, 279. N. Y. Col. Mss., p. 729, Vol. 10. 

John Camphell of Strachur. 

John Campbell of Strachur, in the Highlands of Scotland, 
entered the Army in June, 1745, as Lieutenant of Loudon's High- 
landers ; served through the Scotch Rebellion ; made the Campaign 
in Flanders, 1747, and was promoted to a company on the 1st Oc- 
tober of that year. At the peace of 1748, he went on Half-Pay and 
so remained until the 9th April, 1756, when he Avas appointed to 
the 42d Highlanders previous to the embarcation of that Regiment 
for America. He was wounded in the attack on Ticonderoga in 
1758, and was appointed by General Amherst Major of the 17th 
Foot on the 11th July, 1759; was promoted to be Lieutenant-Col- 
onel in the Army 1st February, 1762, and commanded his Regi- 



56 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

ment in the expedition that year against Martinico and Havana. 
On the 1st May, 1773, he became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 57th 
or West Middlesex Foot, returned to America in 1776 with his 
Regiment at the breaking out of the Revolution; was appointed 
Maj. General 19th February, 1779, Colonel of his Regiment 2d 
November, 1780, and commanded the British Forces in West Flori- 
da, where after a gallant though ineffectual defence he was obliged 
to surrender Pensacola to the Spaniards 10th May, 1781. He be- 
came Lieutenant-General 28th September, 1787; General in the 
Army 26th January. 1797, and died in the fore part of 1806. 

Brown, IV, 155, 159. 

Stewart's Sketches of the Highlanders, I, 295, 306, 359, 370; II. 5, app 
iii; Knox Journal, I, 373: II, 401: Beatsons Naval and Mil. Mem. V, 50, 226- 
233; VI, 274-280; Army Lists. Wilson's Orderly Book, page 94. 

Gordon Graham. 

Gordon Graham of Drain ie in the Highlands of Scotland, was 
appointed ensign in the 43d Highlanders in Oct. 25, 1739, and was 
made lieutenant June 24, 1743. He served in Flanders and shared 
in the defeat at Fontenoy in 1745, after which the Regiment re- 
turned home. In 1747 he made another campaign in Flanders. 
On August 7, 1747, he was appointed captain. In 1749 the num- 
ber of the Regiment was changed to the 42d and Mr. Graham ob- 
tained a company in it 3d June, 1752, came to America in 1756, 
was at the surrender of Fort William Henry under Colonel Munro 
in 1757, and was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758. The Major of 
the Regiment having been killed on that occasion, Captain Graham 
succeeded to the vacancy, July 17th, 1758, and made the campaign 
of 1759 and 1760 under Amherst. He next served in the West In- 
dies in the expedition against Martinique and July 9, 1762, became 
Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment, which returned to New York, 
and in the year 1763, proceeded to the relief of Fort Pitt, defeating 
the Indians on the way in the Battle of Bushy Run. In December, 
1770, he retired after 31 years of service in the Regiment. As his 
name does not appear in the army list of 1771 it is presumed that 
he died at this time. 

Brown's Highland Clans IV, 139, 159. Beatson's Naval and Mil. Mem. 
II, 530. Wilson's Orderly Book, p. 14. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 57 

John Graham. 

John Graham was the brother of Thomas; entered the 42nd 
regiment as Ensign and was promoted to a Lieutenancy 25th Janu- 
ary, 1756 ; was wounded at Tieonderoga 1758 ; became Captain in 
February, 1762, and was again wiounded at Bushy Run in 1763; 
shortly after which his company having been disbanded, he went 
on half pay. He rejoined the regiment 25th December, 1765, and 
is dropped in 1772, having attained the rank of field officer. 

Stewart I, 359, Army Lists. N. Y. Col. Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10. 

Thomas Graham. 

Thomas Graham, or Graeme, of Duchay, entered the 43rd, or 
Black Watch, as Ensign June 30, 1741 ; was promoted to a Lieu- 
tenancy August 6, 1746, and obtained a company February 15, 
1756, shortly before the regiment, then the 42nd, came to America. 
He served in the several Campaigns on the northern lakes ; was 
wounded at Tieonderoga in 1758 ; was again wounded at the batttle 
of Bushy Run, near Pittsburg, in 1763 ; served in the subsequent 
campaigns against the Indians, and embarked for Ireland in 1767. 
He succeeded Major Reid 31st March, 1770, and became Lieutenant- 
Colonel 12th December following. He retired from the army De- 
cember, 1771, after 30 years of service. 

Army Lists. Stewart. N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10. 

Francis Grant. 

Francis Grant, son of the Laird of Grant, and brother of Sir 
Ludovick Grant, of Grant, Scotland, was received from half-pay 
in Loudon's Regiment and was made ensign in the Black Watch 
Oct. 25, 1739. Nov. 5, 1739, he w^as made lieutenant; June 18, 
1743, captain; and Oct. 3, 1745, he became major. A vacancy oc- 
curring in the lieutenant-colonelcy, in December, 1755, the men of 
the Regiment subscribed a sum of money among themselves to pur- 
chase the step for him, but it was not required ; he had already ob- 
tained his promotion. He accompanied the Regiment to America 
in 1756 and was present at the bloody battle of Tieonderoga, July 
8, 1758, where he was wounded. In the following year he accom- 
panied Amherst on his expedition, and in 1760 wtas in command 
of the van of the Army from Oswego to Montreal. In 1761 he 



58 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

commanded the Army sent to the south to chastise the Cherokees. 
He served as Brigadier-General in the expedition against Martini- 
co in 1762, and on the 19th of February of that year became col- 
onel in the Army. On July 9, 1762, after twenty-three years of 
service in the Black Watch Regiment, he was removed and appoint- 
ed to the command of the 90th Light Infantry. In August, 1762, 
he commanded the 4th Brigade at the siege of Havana and went on 
half pay at the peace of 1763. In November, 1768, he became col- 
onel of the 63rd; Major-General in 1770; and Lieutenant-General 
in 1777. He died at the beginning of 1782 (Army Lists). 

Lieut.-Gen. Grant's daughter was married to the Hon. and Rt. 
Rev. George Murray, fourth son of the Duke of Athol, and Bishop 
of St. David's. 

Brown's Highland Clans, IV, 155. 
Knox's Journal, II, 404, 410, 465. 
Beatson N. and M., Mem. Ill, 363, 359. 
Debrett's Peerage. Wilson's Orderly Book, p. 3. 

James Grant. 

James Grant, appointed Ensign Nov. 20, 1746 ; Lieutenant Jan. 
22, 1756 ;' Captain Dec. 26, 1760 ; removed Aug. 13, 1762, after 16 
years of service in the Regiment, and was made Fort-Major Limer- 
ick. Died in 1778. He was wounded at Ticonderoga. 

Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 

William Grant. 

William Grant, appointed Ensign, Oct. 1, 1745; Lieutenant, 
May 22, 1746 ; Captain, July 23, 1758 ; Major, Dec. 5, 1777 ; retired 
August, 1778, after 33 years of service with rank of Brevet Lieut.- 
Colonel. He was wounded at the battle of Ticonderoga. 

Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 

James Or ay. 

James Gray was taken from the Half-pay list and appointed 
Lieutenant in the 42nd Royal Highlanders 30th January, 1756. 
His name is omitted in the Army List of 1765. 

Stewart's Highlanders. Wilson's Orderly Book, page 83. 

Robert Gray. 

Robert Gray, appointed Ensign June 6, 1745 ; Lieutenant June 
9, 1747 ; Captain July 22, 1758. He was wounded at Ticonderoga. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 59 

Aug. 2, 1759, after 14 years of service in the Regiment, he was pro- 
moted to the 55th Regiment. He died in 1771 with rank of Lieut.- 

Colonel. 

Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 

Alexander Mcintosh. 

Alexander Mcintosh was taken from half pay in 1756 and ap- 
pointed Lieutenant in the 42nd. He was wounded at Ticonderoga. 
1758, and again at Martinico in 1762, and was promoted to a com- 
pany 24th July of the same year. He went on half pay in 1763 
and was not again called on active service until 25th December, 
1770, when he was appointed to the 10th regiment then serving in 
America. Captain Mcintosh was killed at the storming of Fort 
Washington, 16th November, 1776. 

Army Lists. Beatson's Naval and Military Memoirs. N. Y. Colonial 
Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10. 

Norman McLeod. 

Norman McLeod for many years Indian Commissioner at Nia- 
gara, entered the army originally as ensign of the 42d Highlanders 
in January, 1756, and was promoted to Lieutenancy in the 69th in 
June, 1761. On the reduction of the Regiment in 1763 he went on 
half pay and was sometime after appointed Commissioner at Niaga- 
ra under Sir AVilliam Johnson. On the breaking out of the trouble 
in the Colonies, Mr. McLeod was recalled to active service as a Lieu- 
tenant in the 42nd, 31 Aug., 1775. He afterwards exchanged into 
the 71st in which he was Captain, 1779. He joined the expedition 
against Charleston, 1780, and was wounded in the campaign. In 
1781 part of the regiment was employed at Virginia and surrender- 
ed with Cornwallis at Yorktown. Capt. McLeod 's name continued 
on the Army list till 1783. 

N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts by Broadhead. 

John MacNeil. 

John MacNeil was appointed ensign Aug. 6, 1742^ lieutenant 
Oct. 10, 1745 ; Captain Dec. 16, 1752 ; Major July 9, 1762. He died 
at the siege of Havanna in 1762 after 20 years of service in the 
Regiment. 

.Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 



60 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

David Milne. 

David Mill, or Milne, received a commission as Lieutenant in 
this Corps 19th July, 1757 ; was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758, 
and again at Martinique in 1762 ; retired from the army at the 
peace of 1763. 

N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10. 

James Murray. 

James Murray, second son of Lord George Murray, by his mar- 
riage with Amelia Murray, heiress of Strowan and Glencarse, and 
grandson of the first Duke of Atholl, was born at Tullibardine on 
the 19th of March, 1734, and it is interesting to know that Lord 
John Murray, who was destined in after yeai*s to be his colonel, 
was called upon to be his godfather. A commission as Lieutenant 
in the Saxon Grenadier Guards was obtained for him in 1749, and 
he joined his regiment in 1751. He served against the forces of 
Frederick the Great until the Saxon Army capitulated at Pirna on 
the Elbe in October, 1756. He was released on parole and returned 
^o Scotland in 1757 and on the nomination of his uncle, James, 
Duke of Atholl, was given a captain's commission in the Black 
Watch and was placed in command of one of the three additional 
companies then being raised for service in America. He reached 
New York in April, 1758, and commanded Captain Reid's company 
in the unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga— his own company hav- 
ing been left in garrison at Fort Edward. He was wounded but 
was soon able to return to duty and took part in the successful 
expedition of 1759 to Lake Champlain. Toward the close of that 
year he was given command— by Lord John Murray's desire— of 
the Grenadier Company of the newly-raised 2nd Battalion, and 
with this battalion he served in the advance on Montreal in 1760 
and in the capture of Martinique in 1762. He was wounded here 
and invalided home and was on sick leave for more than six years.* 
He rejoined the Black Watch in 1768 and in 1769 was appointed 
Captain-lieutenant in the 3rd Foot Guards, obtaining his promotion 
as Captain and Lieutenant-colonel the following year. In 1772 he 
was elected member of Parliment for Perthshire, a position which 
he held for twenty-two years. He was appointed Governor of Up- 
nor Castle in 1775 and Fort William in 1780. but these were merelv 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 61 

nominal posts and did not interfere with his other duties. In 1776 
he bought Strowan (originally the property of his mother), from 
his nephew, the fourth Duke of Atholl. 

On the outbreak of the War of Independence, Col. Murray of- 
fered to raise a regiment of Highlanders for service in America, 
but this offer was refused, and in March, 1777, he was sent out to 
join the brigade of Guards under General Howe in New Jersey. 
He was with Lord Cornwallis at Quibbletown and presumably took 
part in the actions at Brandywine and Germantown in 1777. He 
spent the following winter in quarters at Philadelphia, and left 
America in the summer of 1778 and joined the Atholl Highlanders 
in Ireland in September of that year, of which regiment he was 
given the command. This regiment remained in Ireland during 
the war, at the conclusion of which it was disbanded. James Mur- 
ray was appointed Lieutenant-colonel-commandant of the 78th 
Highlanders in 1783, but as he was already a general officer he 
never did any duty with this regiment. After 1783 General Mur- 
ray resided a good deal at Strowan; in 1786 he was promoted full 
Colonel of the 78th (by that time the 72nd), and in 1793 he was 
made Lieutenant-general. In March, 1794, he felt himself obliged 
to resign his seat in Parliament owing to ill-health and a few days 
later — on the 19th of March — he died in London and was buried 
in St. Margaret's, Westminster. 

Of Lord George Murray's three sons, General James seems to 
have been the one who most resembled his father. He had inherited 
the Jacobite General's sympathetic knowledge of Highland char- 
acter, something of his pride, and the same affectionate disposi- 
tion. And that he had at least a share of his father's determina- 
tion and presence of mind is shown by two anecdotes which have 
been handed doAvn with regard to him. One of these refers to his 
earlier days, and is to the effect that, having been attacked by a 
highwayman one night that he was driving over a heath near Lon- 
don, he leant out of the window of the chaise, ' ' groped in the dark 
for the ears of his assailant's horse, "and with the brief but ex- 
pressive exclamation. "Thereut's-" fired a shot which ended the 
highwayman's career. The other relates that during the Gordon 
Riots of 1780 Colonel James Murray was seated next Lord George 
Gordon in the House of Commons at the veiy moment at which the 



62 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

mob threatened to break into the House. Colonel Murray with a 
soldier's instinct drew his sword, pointed it at Lord George, and 
notwithstanding that he was his cousin, declared his intention of 
running him through the body if a single one of the rioters should 
enter. His promptness saved the situation, but he had committed 
a breach of the privileges of the House and was ordered to apolo- 
gize on bended knee to the Speaker. Colonel Murray made the re- 
quired amende, but on rising from his knee took out his handker- 
chief and dusted it, remarking, "Damned dirty House this; sooner 
it's cleaned out the better." 

Army Lists; Brown's HighL Clans, IV, 159, 300, 304, 306. Wilson's 
Orderly Book, p. 67. Military History of Perthshire, p. 411-413. 

Stewart of Garth gives the following in regard to General Murray's 
wound, received at the capture of Martinique: (page 126, Vol. 10.) 

"The musket ball entered his left side, under the lower rib, passed up 
through the left lobe of the lung, (as ascertained after his death) crossed 
his chest, and, mounting up to his right shoulder,, lodged under the 
scapula. His case being considered desperate, the only object of the sur- 
geon was to make his situation as easy as possible for the few hours they 
supposed he had to live; but, to the great suprise of all, he was on his legs 
in a few weeks, and, before he reached England, was quite recovered, or 
at least his health and appetite were restored. He was never afterwards, 
however, able to lie down; and during the thirty-two years of his subse- 
quent life, he slept in an upright posture, supported in his bed by pillows. 

Lord John Murray. 

Lord John Murray, born on the 14th of April, 1711, was the 
eldest son of John, first Duke of Atholl, by his second wife, the 
Hon. Mary Ross, and half-brother to John, Marquess of Tullibar- 
dine, and Lord George Murray. He became an ensign in the 3rd 
Foot Guards (now the Scots Guards) in 1727, and a captain in the 
same regiment in 1738. Immediately after the mutiny of the regi- 
ment in 1743 he applied for the colonelcy in the 42nd or Black 
Watch, but he did not obtain the appointment he so greatly de- 
sired until two years later. In July, 1743, he was appointed first 
aide-de-camp to George II and was in attendance on the King in 
CTcrmany at the close of the Dettingen campaign, but returned to 
England without having taken part in any engagements. In April, 
1745, when at last gazetted colonel of the Black Watch, he pro- 
ceeded to join his regiment in Flanders, but arrived too late for 
Fontenoy. He distinguished himself, however, during the subse- 
quent retreat of the British army to Brussels, by his defence of a 
pass which the French attacked by night. For this service he wa§ 
publicly thanked by the Duke of Cumberland. In 1745 he returned 
home with his regiment but in 1747 he was in the Netherlands tak- 



Kfi- ' ^"^ 




From "A Military Historv of Perthshire" 

LORD JOHN MURRAY. COLONEL THE BLACK WATCH 1745 TO 1787 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 63 

ing part in the attempted relief of Hulst. After the surrender of 
the to-wTi by the Dutch Governor, Lord John commanded the rear- 
guard in the retreat to Welsharden, and shortly afterwards, hav- 
ing been ordered to take part in the defense of Bergen-op-Zoom, 
he was placed in command of the British troops in the lines there. 
At the close of operations he received a message of approbation 
from the King. 

In 1755 he was promoted major-general, and in 1758 lieutenant- 
general, but although he offered his services more than once, he 
was not employed abroad during the Seven Years' War. He took 
the keenest interest, however, in all the exploits of his regiment 
and worked hard to raise a second battalion in 1758. Stewart of 
Garth tells us that when the men who had been disabled at Ticon- 
deroga appeared before the Board at Chelsea to claim their pen- 
sions, Lord John went with them and explained their ease in such 
a manner to the commissioners that they were all successful. He 
gave them money, got them a free passage to Perth, and offered a 
house and garden to all who chose to settle on his estate. General 
Stewart also describes how, when the 42nd at last returned from 
America in 1767, Lord John, who had been for weeks at Cork 
awaiting its arrival, marched into that town at its head. 

Lord John was a great deal with the regiment while it was 
quartered in Ireland, and, according to Stewart of Garth, was 
' ' ever attentive to the interest of the officers and vigilant that their 
promotion should not be interrupted by ministerial or other in- 
fluence." He was also "unremitting in his exertions to procure 
the appointment of good officers, and of officers who understood 
perfectly the peculiar dispositins and character of the men." For 
this reason he strenously endeavored to exclude all but members of 
Scots— and more especially Highland— families. He was equally 
particular that only Gaelic-speaking men and Protestants should 
be recruited for the ranks. 

In spite of his military duties Lord John resided a good deal 
in the country— and not only at the home of his boyhood— for early 
in life he bought Pitnacree in Strathtay, and in later years he had 
also a house in Perth. He represented Perthshire in Parliament 
from 1734 to 1761. In 1758 he married Miss Dalton of Banner- 
cross— a Derbyshire heiress, by whom he had one daughter. In 



64 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

1770 he became a full general. His last military achievement was 
the raising in 1779 and 1780 (at his own expense) of another second 
battalion to the 42nd. This battalion so distinguished itself in 
India that in 1786 it was placed permanently on the establishment 
under the title of the 73rd Regiment. The veteran to whose pat- 
riotism it owed its existance died on the 26th of May, 1787, at the 
age of seventy-six, the senior officer in the Army. 

Lord John made the most of such chances as occurred of dis- 
tinguishing himself in the field, but those opportunities were small 
for he never served in any war but the Austrian Succession. It is 
therefore as the Colonel of the Black Watch that his name has sur- 
vived — as a man who understood the Highland soldiers well enough 
to wish to command them at a time when to many that might have 
seemed a task of great difficulty — and who, having at last obtained 
the post he desired, completely identified himself with the interests 
of his men, and for upwards of half a century was the 'friend 
and supporter of every deserving officer and soldier in the regi- 
ment." 

Military History of Perthshire, page 382-384. 

John Reid. 

John Reid was the eldest son of Alexander Robertson of Stra- 
loch, but the head of the family had always been known as "Baron 
Reid" and the General and his younger brother, Alexander (who 
was also an officer in the 42nd), adopted the more distinctive sur- 
name early in life. He was born at Inverchroskie in Sti'athardle, 
on the 13th of February, 1721, and received his early education at 
Perth. Being destined for the law, he was afterwards sent to Edin- 
burgh University. Nature, however, had intended him for a sol- 
dier, and in June, 1745, having recruited the necessary quota of 
men, he obtained a commission as lieutenant in Loudion's High- 
landers. He was taken prisoner at Prestonpans the following Sep- 
tember, but when released the following spring he rejoined his regi- 
ment and was able to render important service to the Government. 
From 1747 to 1748 he served in Flanders with Loudon's High- 
landers and took part in the defence of Bergen-op-Zoom, but on 
the reduction of his regiment at the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle he 
was placed on half-pay. In 1751 he bought a captain-lieutenant's 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 65 

comiuission in the Black Watch and in 1752 a commission as captain 
in the same regiment. Four years later on the outbreak of the war 
with France, he sailed with his regiment to America, He was not 
present at the first attack on Ticonderoga as he had been left be- 
hind sick at Albany, and his company was commanded in that des- 
perate engagement by Captain James Murray. In 1759 Reid, by 
that time a major, took part in the second advance to Lake Cham- 
plain, which resulted in the surrender of Forts Ticonderoga and 
Crown Point ; and on him devolved the command of the 42nd dur- 
ing the greater part of the campaign of 1760 which ended with the 
capture of Montreal and the expulsion of the French from Canada, 
Reid remained in America with the 42nd until Dec, 1761, when 
he accompanied it to the West Indies. He served in the capture 
of Martinique and at the storming of Morne Tortenson, on Jan. 24, 
1762, was in command of the 1st Battalion of his regiment. His 
battalion suffered heavy loss and he was wounded in two places, 
but recovered in time to take part in the expedition against Havana 
of that same year. After the surrender of Cuba he returned to 
America. In 1764 Reid acted as second-in-command of Colonel 
Bouquet's arduous but successful expedition against the Indians 
on the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers. In the following j^ear we 
hear of him fitting out an expedition which was to be sent to the 
Illinois country under the command of Captain Thomas Stirling 
of the 42nd. 

About 1760 Reid married an American lady of Scots descent, 
Susanna Alexander, daughter of James Alexander, surveyor-gen- 
eral of New York and New Jersey. She owned property on Otter 
Creek in what is now the State of Vermont, which was added to 
and improved by her husband with the result that at the end of ten 
years Reid owned "about thirty-five thousand acres of very valu- 
able land" near Crown Point and had "obtained from the Gover- 
nor and Council of New York a warrant of survey for fifteen thou- 
sand more," which he intended to "erect" into a manor. 

In 1767 the Royal Highland Regiment left America for Ireland 
and Reid presumably accompanied it. In 1770 Reid retired on 
half-pay, intending no doubt to settle down to the enjoyment and 
improvement of his American estates. However, in 1772 his ten- 
ants were expelled by the people of Bennington "on the pretence 



66 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

of having- claim to that country under the Government of New 
Hampshire, notwithstanding- that the King in Council had, ten 
yeai-s before, decreed Connecticut River to be the Eastern Bound- 
ary of New York." In 1775 war broke out with the American 
colonists, and though his case finally came before the Commissioners 
for American Claims, the only compensation awarded him was a 
trifling allowance for mills he had erected and for fees he had paid 
for surveys. In May, 1778, his father's estate, Straloch, passed 
under the hammer as he was unable to pay the mortgages and his 
son could give him no help. 

Notwithstanding: that he was a comparatively poor man, in 
1779-1780 Reid raised at his own expense a regiment of foot, of 
whicii he was appointed colonel. This was called the 95th and was 
disbanded in 1783. In 1781 Reid was promoted major-general, and 
in 1793 a lieutenant-general. He was appointed colonel of the 88th 
Regiment (Connaught Rangers) in November, 1794, and became a 
general in 1798. In 1803, when an invasion was hourly expected, 
Reid, in response to an order that all general officers not employed 
on the staff should transmit their addresses to the Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, wrote that though in the eighty-second years of his age, "and 
very deaf and infirm," he was still ready to use his feeble arm in 
defence of his country. He died in the Haymarket on the 6th of 
February, 1807, and was buried in St. Margaret's, Westminster. 

The General would probably have had but little property to 
dispose of at his death, had he not in 1796 succeeded to a valuable 
estate of some four or five thousand acres in Nova Scotia, which 
was left to him by his cousin, Gen. John Small, "as a mark of . . . . 
respect .... and attachment to the preservation of his name and 
representation for succeeding ages." Reid's daughter had made a 
marriage of W'hich he disapproved, she had no children, and his 
only brother had died in 1762 during the siege of Havana. It was 
probably these circumstances that induced him to realize the prop- 
erty in Nova Scotia and at the time of his death he was worth some 
£52,000. This entire fortune went after the death of his daughter 
to the University of Edinburgh to found a musical professorship. 
He also left directions that a concert should be given annually on 
or about his birthday to commence with several pieces of his own 
composition, among the first of which is that of the "Garb of Old 





maj()R-i-;km;kal joiix small 



CKXKkAL >1K iii(i.\L\s >'IILLL\t 

Ol- AlUXJc;!! AMI .slUOWAX,- 

llAKI'. 

(/iV-,.;/.. ,; Miitliitulr in Ol^ fMSfSsiut: </ 
■ Oi-'/ahi (h;i;,.:m Slirlivg >•/ Sfytnc,!'!] 




From "A Military History of Perthshire' 

OFFICERS IN THE BLACK WATCH 1758-59 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 67 

Gaul," a composition written by Sir Charles Erskine, but set to 
music by Reid while major of the 42ncl, and which has ever since 
been a regimental march. 

Reid also composed several military marches and was esteemed 
the best gentleman player on the German flute in England. It may 
safely be predicted that as long as the University exists this old 
Perthshire soldier of the 18th century will be remembered as one 
of its benefactors. 

N. Y. Documentary History IV. 

Military History of Perthshire, pp. 387-395. 

John Small. 

John Small was the third son of Patrick Small, who married 
Magdalen Robertson, sister of Alexander Robertson, the father of 
General John Reed. Reid and Small were thus not only neighbors 
and brother-officers, but first cousins, and were evidently on terms 
of close friendship. Born in Strathardle, Atholl, Scotland, in 
1730, Small, like many of his countrymen of that date, began his 
military career with the Scots Brigade in Holland, being appointed 
a 2nd lieutenant in the Earl of Drumlanrig's Regiment when it was 
raised for service of the States-General in 1747. How long he re- 
mained abroad is unknown but it is probable that he returned to 
England when the regiment was reduced in 1752. He did not, how- 
ever, obtain a commission in the British army until four years 
later, when he was apointed lieutenant in the 42nd, just prior to 
its departure for America. So far as is known. Small took part 
in all the campaigns in which his regiment was engaged from 1756 
to 1763. He fought at Ticonderoga in 1758, served with General 
Amherst's successful expedition to Lake Champlain in the follow- 
ing year, and took part in the operations which completed the con- 
quest of Canada in 1760. After the surrender of Montreal he was 
sent in charge of French prisoners to New York, and we learn from 
a brother officer that General Amherst had great confidence in him, 
and frequently employed him "on particular services." Two years 
later he served in the capture of Martinique and Havanna and ob- 
tained his promotion as captain. 

At the peace of 1763 Small was placed on half-pay, but, ac- 
cording to General Stewart, he was almost immediately put on the 
full-pay list of the North British Fusiliers (21st) and when in 



68 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

1767 the Black Watch left for Europe, most of the men of that 
regiment who had volunteered to stay in America joined the Fusi- 
liers in order to sei've under Small, who was "deservedly popular" 
with them. Small, however, cannot have served long with the 21st, 
for in the same year in which the Black Watch left America he 
was appointed "ma.jor of brigade" to the forces in North America. 
It was probably during the interval between the Seven Years' War 
and the war with the Americans that he began to acquire the prop- 
erty in Nova Scotia, part of which he afterwards bequeathed to his 
cousin, John Reid. M^e have some indication that during this per- 
iod he interested himself in local politics and formed the friend- 
ship of at least one American which was of value to him later. 

Small served throughout the War of Independence though 
but rare glimpses are obtained of him. He was present as a brig- 
ade-major at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1777, and in the 
course of that day his life was saved by the American General Put- 
nam, who, seeing Small standing alone at a time when all around 
him had fallen, struck up the barrels of his men's muskets to save 
his life. Shortly after this. Small raised the 2nd Battalion of the 
Royal Highland Regiment and was appointed major-commandant. 
In 1778 the regiment was numbered the 84th and in 1780 he was 
promoted lieutenant-colonel-commandant of his battalion. He is 
said to have joined Sir Henry Clinton at New York in 1779, but it 
is more probable that he was stationed for the most part in Nova 
Scotia. In March, 1783, Small and his battalion were at Fort Ed- 
ward, New York, and in the following autumn the battalion was 
disbanded at Windsor, Nova Scotia, where many of the men settled 
and formed the present town of Douglas. 

Small, once more on half-pay, returned home and in 1790 was 
promoted colonel and three years later was appointed lieutenant 
governor of Guernsey. In October, 1794, he became major-general 
and on the 17th of March, 1796, he died in Guernsey and was bur- 
ied in the church of St. Peter Port. 

• General Stewart of Garth wrote of General John Small that 
"No chief of former days ever more fairly secured the attachment 
of his clan, and no chief, certainly, ever deserved it better. With 
an enthusiastic and almost romantic love of his country and coun- 
trymen, it seemed as if the principal object of his life had been to 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 69 

serve them, and promote prosperity. Equally brave in leading 
them in the field, and kind, just, and conciliating in quarters, they 
would have indeed been ungrateful if they had regarded him other- 
wise than as they did. There was not an instance of desertion in 
his battalion." 

Stewart II, 143. Military Hist, of Pertlishire, pp. 396-399. 

James Stewart of TJrrard. 

James Stewart of Urrard, obtained a company in the 42nd, 
July 18th, 1757. He was wounded at Ticonderoga, 1758. He sold 
out after the peace. 

Stewart I. 306, 359. N. Y. Col. MSS., p. 729, Vol. 10. 

Thomas Stirling. 

Thomas Stirling, second son of Sir Henry Stirling, of Ardock, 
was born October 8, 1731. He began his military career in the 
Dutch service, being given a commission as ensign in the 1st Bat- 
talion of Col. Marjoribanks' Regiment on the 30th of September, 
1747. and was probably placed on half-pay when the establishment 
of the Scots Brigade was reduced in 1752. On the 24th of July, 
1757, having been nominated by James, Duke of Atholl, and having 
raised the requisite number of men, he was gazetted captain of one 
of the three companies added to the 42nd in that year. In Nov- 
ember, 1757, he sailed for America, where he served with his regi- 
ment in the campaigns of the ensuing years, though he was not 
present at the first attack on Ticonderoga, owing to the fact that the 
new companies had been left behind to garrison Fort Edward. He 
took part in the capture of Martinique in 1762 and was wounded 
but was able to serve in the capture of Havana later in that year. 
He returned with his regiment to America and in August, 1765, 
was sent in command of a company to take possession of Fort de 
Chartres on the Mississippi. After holding this fort that winter 
and spring, he returned with his detachment to the regiment in 
June, 1766. The following year the 42nd left America and for up- 
wards of eight years was quartered in Ireland, after which it was 
for a short time in Scotland. In 1770 Stirling was gazetted major 
of the regiment, and in 1771 lieutenant-Colonel-commandant. Hos- 
tilities broke out with the Americans in 1775, and Stirling, having 



70 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

in five months raised the strength of his regiment from 350 men to 
1,200, returned with it in the following spring to America, where 
he commanded it continuously for three years during the war. He 
took part in. the engagement at Brooklyn, the attack on Fort Wash- 
ington, the expedition to Pennsylvania, battle of Monmouth, and 
others. During 1778-9 he was stationed at or near New York. In 
June, 1779, he accompanied a force under General Mathews 
through New Jersey in an attempt to rally the supposed loyalists 
of that state. This was unsuccessful and ended in the destruction 
of the town of Spring-field. General Stirling was so severely 
wounded while leading the attack that he could take no further 
part in the war. His thigh was broken and fearing to be rendered 
incapable of further service he refused to have it amputated. He 
recovered and was invalided home but he does not appear after this 
to have been ever again fit for active duty. In 1782 he was pro- 
moted major-general and appointed colonel of the 71st Foot, but 
his regiment was disbanded the following year. His services were 
rewarded with a baronetcy and in 1790, he became colonel of the 
41st Regiment. In 1796 he was promoted lieutenant-general, and 
in 1799 he succeeded his brother in the baronetcy of Ardock. He 
attained the rank of general in 1801 and died unmarried on the 
9th of May, 1808. 

Kenneth Tolmie. 

Kenneth Tolmie was commissioned a lieutenant in the 42nd 
Highlanders, 23rd January, 1756, and promoted to the Command 
of a Company 27th July, 1760. His name is dropped after the 
Peace of 1763. 

Wilson's Orderly Book, p. 166. 

Alexander Turnhull. 

Alexander Turnbull of Stracathro, appointed ensign June 3, 
1752 ; lieutenant Sept. 27, 1756 ; captain Aug. 14, 1762. After 11 
years of service, he went on half-pay in 1763 ; full pay of the 32d 
Foot. He died in 1804 with rank of major. 

Stewart of Garth, Appendix. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



71 



K 

ORIGINAL REGIMENTAL LIST OF THE BLACK WATCH. 

From A Military History of Perthshire, images 51.52. 

Commission dated. 

No. 1 Company. 

Colonel and Captain John, Earl of Crawford 25 Oct., 1739 

Captain-Lieutenant Duncan Mackfarland 25 Oct., 1739 

Ensign Gilbert Stewart of Kincraigie 29 Oct., 1739 

No. 2 Company. 
Jjieutenant-Colonel and Captain Sir Robert Munro, 

Bart., of Foulis 25 Oct. 1739 

Lieutenant Paul Macfei^on 26 Oct., 1739 

Ensign Archibald Macknab, younger son of the 

Laird of Macnab 31 Oct., 1739 

No. 3 Company. 

Major and Captain George Grant • 25 Oct., 1739 

Lieutenant John Mackenzie of Rencraig ( ? Kincraig) 28 Oct., 1739 

Ensign Collin Campbell 1 Nov., 1739 

No. 4 Company. 
Captain Collin Campbell, yr., of Monzie 
Lieutenant Alexander Macdonald 
Ensign James Campbell of Glenfalloch 



No. 5 Company. 
Captain James Colquhoun of Luss 
Lieutenant George Ramsay 
Ensign James Campbell of Stronslanie^ 

No. 6 Company. 
Captain John Campbell of Carrick 
Lieutenant John Maclean of Kingairloch 
Ensign Dougall Stewart (of Appin?) 

No. 7 Company. 

Captain Collin Campbell of Balliemore 
Lieutenant Malcom Frazer. son of Culduthel^ 
Ensign Dougall Stewart 



25 Oct., 1739 

29 Oct., 1739 

25 Oct., 1739 

26 Oct., 1739 

30 Oct., 1739 
3 Nov., 1739 

27 Oct., 1739 

27 Oct., 1739 
26 Oct., 1739 

28 Oct., 1739 

31 Oct., 1739 
25 Oct., 1739 



1. Stewart of Garth calls him Dougal Campbell, but he appears as 
James in his commission. 

2. It is not stated to which companies Lieutenants Malcolm Fraser and 
Francis Grant belonged. No other lieutenants are mentioned for Balliemore 
and Newmore; they have therefore been assigned respectively to them. 



72 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

No. 8 Company. 

Captain George. Munro of Culcairn, brother of Foulis 29 Oct., 1739 

Lieutenant Lewis Grant of Auchterblair 25 Oct., 1739 

Ensig-n John Menzies of Comrie 27 Oct., 1739 

No. 9 Company, 

Captain Dougal Campbell of Craignish 30 Oct., 1739 

Lieutenant John Maekneil 2 Nov., 1739 

Ensi^ Gordon Graham of Draines^ 30 Oct.. 1739 

No. 10 Company. 

Captain John Monro ef Nevvmore 10 May, 1740 
Lieutenant Francis Grant, son of the Laird of Grant^ 1 Nov., 1739 

Ensign Edward Carrick 28 Oct., 1739 

Surgeon George Monro 17 Feb., 1740 

Quarter Master John Forbes ' 25 Mar., 1740 

Chaplain Hon. Gideon Murray 25 Mar., 1740 

Adjutant John Lindsay^ 25 Mar., 1740 

3. 1. e. Drynie. A younger son of the Laird. 

4. See note to Lieutenant Malcolm Fraser. 

5. Garth gives the adjutant as being Gilbert Stewart (presumably the 
ensign to the Colonel's Company). He probably acted in this capacity until 
John Lindsay was gazetted to the regiment. 



OFFICERS OF THE 42ND ROYAL HIGHLAND REGIMENT 

AS COPIED FROM THE BRITISH ARMY LIST, 

PUBLISHED 20TH JUNE, 1759. 

Col. Lord Jno. Murray, Lt. Gen. 

Lt. Col. Francis Grant. Capt. Thomas Stirling. 

Major Gordon Graham. Capt. Francis McLean. 

Capt. John Reid. Capt. Archibald Campbell. 

Capt. John McNeil. Capt. Alexander St. Clair, 

Capt. Allan Campbell. Capt. AVilliam Murray. 

Capt. Thomas Graeme. Capt. John Stuart. 

Capt. James Abercrombie. Capt. Alexander Reid. 

Capt. John Campbell. Capt. William Grant. 

Capt. James Stewart. Capt. David Haldane. 

Capt. James Murray. Capt. Lieut. Robert Gray. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



73 



Lieut. John Campbell. 
Lieut. Kenneth Tolme. 
Lieut. James Grant. 
Lieut. John Graham. 
Lieut. Alex. Turnbull. 
Lieut. Alex. Campbell. 
Lieut. Alex. Mcintosh. 
Lieut. James Gray. 
Lieut. John Small. 
Lieut. Arch. Campbell, Sen. 
Lieut. James Campbell. 
Lieut. Archibald Lament. 
Lieut. David Mills. 
Lieut. Simon Blair. 
Lieut, David Barclay. 
Lieut. Archibald Campbell, Jr. 
Lieut. Alex. Mackay. 
Lieut. Robert Menzies. 
Lieut. Patrick Balneavis. 
Lieut. John Campbell, Sen. 
Lieut. Alex. McLean. 
Lieut. George Sinclair. 
Lieut. John Murray. 
Lint. Gordon Clunes. 
Lieut. James Fraser. 
Lieut. John Robertson. 
Lieut. John Grant. 
Lieut. George Leslie. 
Lieut. Duncan Campbell. 
Lieut. Adam Stuart. 
Lieut. Donald Campbell. 
Lieut. George Grant. 
Lieut. James Mcintosh. 



Lieut. Robert Robertson. 
Lieut. John Smith. 
Lieut. Peter Grant. 
Lieut. Alex. Farquharson. 
Lieut. John Campbell, Jr. 
Lieut. George Sinclair. 
Ensign Elbert Herring, 
Ensign William Brown. 
Ensign Thomas Fletcher. 
Ensign Alex, Donaldson, 
Ensign ^illiam Mcintosh. 
Ensign Patrick Sinclair, 
Ensign Archibald Campbell, Jun 
Ensign John Gregor. 
Ensign Lewis Grant, 
Ensign Archibald Campbell, Sen 
Ensign John Graham, 
Ensig-n Allan Grant, 
Ensign John Leith. 
Ensign Charles Menzies, 
Ensign Archibald McNab. 
Ensign John Chas. St. Clair. 
Ensign John Gordon. 
Ensign Neil McLean. 
Ensign Thomas Cunison. 
Sergt. Phiueas McPherson. 
Chaplain James Stewart, 
Adj. James Grant. 
Adj. Alex. McLean. 
Quarter Master John Graham, 
Quarter Master Adam Stewart, 
Surgeon David Hepburn, 
Surgeon Robt. Drummond, 



Agt,, Mr, Drummond, Spring Garden. 

The following corrections were interlined in ink in the above Army 
List of 1759, which was found in the British Museum: 

Capt. John Raid was made Major, Aug. 5, 1759. 

Capt. John Campbell, removed to the 17th. 

Capt. David Haldane, removed to a Regiment at Jamaica. 

Lieut. Alexander McLean, made captain of corps of Highlanders. 

Lieut. George Sinclair, dead. 

Lieut. George Sinclair, removed to Crawford's Regiment. 

Ensign Thomas Fletcher, made lieutenant June 1, 1759. 

Ensign William Mcintosh, removed to Keith's Corps. 

Sergt. Phineas McPherson, made ensign June 1, 1759. 

Lauchlan Johnson, made chaplain 20th August, 1759, in place of James 
Stewart. 

Alexander Donaldson, made adjutant 20th March, 1759, in place of 
Alexander McLean. 



74 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

M 

REFERENCES TO THE BLACK WATCH IN THE 1759 CAM- 
PAIGN TAKEN FROM "COMMISSARY WIL- 
SON'S ORDERLY BOOK." 

Albany, 22 May, 1759. Two companies of the Royal Higliland 
Regiment are also to receive batteaux and load them with pro- 
vision and baggage. A sergeant and 12 men of the Rhode Island 
Regiment are to relieve a party of the Royal Highland Regiment 
at the Half-Way House on the way to Schenectady; they are to 
march tomorrow morning and carry six days' provision with them. 

Albany, 23d May, 1759. Three captains of the Royal High- 
landers summoned among others to a general Court Martial, of 
which Col. Francis Grant was President, to set tomorrow at the 
Town House in Albany at 3 o'clock to try all prisoners that may 
be brought before them. 

Albany, 26th May, 1759. An officer and 25 men of the Royal 
Highland Regiment with a week's provision to be sent this after- 
noon to the Widow McGinnes House to protect settlement; one 
Company of the Royal Highland Regiment to march tomorrow 
morning at 5 o'clock; they will take their tents and camp equipage 
with them, for which a wagon will be allowed on sending to Col. 
Bradstreet for it; the officer commanding that company to call 
upon the General this night. The General Court Martial of which 
■ Col. Grant is President to meet again tomorrow at 8 o'clock. 

Albany, 31st May, 1759. The Royal Highland Regiment to 
march tomorrow morning at 5 o'clock to Ha If moon, where they 
will take the artillery under their charge and escort the same to 
Fort Edward. 

Fort Edward, 6th June, 1759. Lieut. Col. Robinson will mark 
out the Camp tomorrow morning at 5 o'clock that the Regiments 
may take up their ground as they arrive ; the Regiments to encamp 
** * Royal Highlanders on the right. A Serj. and 16 men of ye 
Royal Highlanders to take the General's Guard. 

Fort Edward, 7th June, 1759. The Regiments are not to 
change their encampment until the ground be quite dry. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 75 

Fort Edward, 8th June, 1759. The Regiments to change their 
encampment this day at 12 o'clock. 

Fort Edward, 9th June, 1759. Field Officer for the Picquit 
tomorrow. Major Graham, The Light Infantry of the Highland 
Regiment is to practice fireing ball tomorrow morning at 6 o'clock, 
near the Royal Block House on the other side of the river. 

The Royal Highland Regiment to furnish 2 captains, 6 subs., 
and 200 men * * * ; this detachment to take batteaux tomorrow 
morning at day break. The Royal Highland Regiment to take 20 
batteaux, and 60 of the 200 men with arms to serve as a covering 
party. The whole to take provisions for tomorrow with them ; they 
are to proceed to Col. Haviland's Camp, opposite to Fort Miller, 
where the commanding officer will apply to Col. Haviland who will 
order the batteaux to be immediately loaded, that the whole party 
may return to Fort Edward without loss of time. 

Fort Edward, 10th June, 1759. Field Officer for the Picquit 
this night Major (Gordon) Graham, for tomorrow Major (Allen) 
Campbell, Colonel of the day, Col. (Francis) Grant. Two cap- 
tains of the Royal Highlanders to sit with others in General Court 
Martial tomorrow morning at 8 o'clock, to try such prisoners as 
are on the Provost Guard. The Royal Highlanders and Mont- 
gomery^ 's Regiments to send as many men this afternoon at 4 
o'clock as are necessary to clean the ground where the Light In- 
fantry is to encamp. They will receive axes on applying to the 
store-keeper in the Fort, which they will return when they have 
finished that work. 

Fort Edward, 11th June, 1759. Colo, of the day, Col. Grant. 
Field Officer of the Picquits, Major Campbell. 

Fort Edward, 12th June, 1759. Block Houses to be relieved 
tomorrow by the Line * * * the one joining the east side of the 
Bridge by 1 Sub., 2 Serjts., 2 Corpls. and 24 men of the Royal 
Highlanders; the one in the front of the Right of the Royal, one 
Serjt., one Corpl. and 10 men of the Royal Highlanders. 

Fort Edward, 13th June, 1759. The Royal Highland Regi- 
ment to strick their tents tomorrow at Revallie Beating. The 
Royal Highlanders posted in their Block Houses as per ordered of 
yesterday, to be relieved immediately. 



76 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, 

Fort Edward, 17th June. The First Battalion Massachusetts 
to strike their tents at Revallie Beating and march half an hour 
after to the Halfway Brook where the commanding officer will put 
himself under the command of Col. Grant. 

Fort Edward, 19th June, 1759. The Royal Highlanders will 
furnish one Sub. and 30 men towards the working party required 
tomorrow to repair the roads. 

Fort Edward, 20th June. Capt. Campbell of the Royal High- 
land Grenediers is appointed Major to the Battalion of Greuediers 
for the Campaign. 

Lake George, 22d June, 1759. The Royal Highlanders to re- 
ceive one day's fresh beef tomorrow. 

Lake George, 24th June. Field Officer for tomorix>w, Major 
Graham. 

Lake George, 26th June, 1759. The Royal Highlanders to re- 
ceive 7 days' provisions tomorrow. 

Lake George, 27th June. Generals Guard tomorrow, Royal 
Highlanders. 2 Companies of Grenediers with 2 Companies of 
Light Infantry ordered this morning with as many Rangers and 
Indians as Maj. Rogers can furnish, the w'Jiole commanded by 
Maj. Campbell, to march tomorrow two hours before daybreak by 
the same route Col. Haviland took; which post Capt. Johnson will 
show, and to remain there whilst the boats are fishing. They are 
to take one day's provisions and to go as light as possible as they 
are not only a covering party to the boats, but to attack any body 
of the enemy they may find. 

Lake George, 5th July, 1759. A General Court Martial to 
set tomorow morning at the President's Tent at 8 o'clock for the 
trial of a man suspected of robbery * * * Major Graham and two 
captains of the Royal Highlanders to attend. 

Lake George 8th July, 1759. The Royal Highlanders Avill take 
the Gen's Guard tomorrow half an hour after 4. 

Lake George, 11th July, 1759. Capt. John Campbell of the 
Royal Highlanders is appointed Major in the late Forbes, and is 
to be obeyed as such. Royal Highlanders to receive 35 batteaux. 
Oars and whatever else belongs to the batteaux will be delivered 
at the same time. Each batteaux will carry 12 barrels of flour or 
9 of pork when ordered to load, and it is supposed will have about 
20 men or a few more in each battoe. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 77 

Lake George, 12th July. A General Court Martial of the 
Regulars to be held to morrow morning at 6 o'clock. Col. Grant 
President, Major John Campbell to attend. 

Lake George, 13th July. Colonel of the Day tomorrow, Col. 
Grant. Field Officer tomorrow night, Major Graham. Generals 
Guard tomorrow, Royal Highlanders. The General Court Martial 
of which Col. Grant was President, is dissolved. Royal Highland- 
ers to receive a proportion of flour for five days wihich they are 
get baked tomorrow and keep. 

Lake George, 19th July, 1759. The Royal Highlanders one of 
the Regiments appointed to sit in general Court Martial tomorrow 
at 6 o'clock. The Regiments to load their batteaux tomorrow 
morning beginning at 5 o'clock in the following manner, Montgom- 
ery's Pork, Royal Highlanders, Flour, * * * two regiments to load 
at a time, one flour and one pork, and to be allowed an hour for 
loading, and when loaded to return to their stations. 

Lake George, 20th July, 1759. For the day this day, Reg-ulars, 
Col. Grant. On landing the Col. Grant to take the command of 
the late Forbes' Brigade. 

Camp near Ticonderoga, 22d July. For the Picquit tomorrow 
night. Major Graham. 

Camp before Ticonderoga, 23d July, 1759. Collo. of the day 
tomorow% Collo. Grant. Field Officer of the Picquits this night, 
Major Graham. 

Camp at Ticonderoga, 24th July, 1759. Serjt. Murray of the 
Royal Highland Regiment is appointed to oversee people making 
Fasciens, and to keep an account of the number made. 

Camp at Ticonderoga, 25th July, 1759. The following car- 
penters *** James Frazer, George McDougall, James Frazer, 
John McColme, John Robinson, James Gumming, and James Mc- 
Donald of the Royal Highlanders to be at the sawmills tomorrow at 
5 o'clock and if Capt. Loreing should not be there they will receive 
their directions from Brigadier Ruggles. 

The Royal Highland Regiment to draw tomorrow early two 
days bisquit and two days pork, bisquit in lieu of flour, which com- 
pletes them to the 28th inclusive. 

Ticonderoga, 26th July, 1759. Adjutant for the day tomor- 
roAv Royal Highlands. 



78 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Ticonderoga, 28th July, 1759. A General Court Martial of the 
line to be held at the President's tent at 8 o'clock tomorrow morn- 
ing. Col. Grant, President, two Majors and ten Captains, two of 
whom were from the Royal Highlanders. 

Ticonderoga, 29th July, 1759. The ovens to be given for the 
use of the troops in the following manner: — * * * No. 2 to the 
Inniskilling and Royal Highlanders. No bakers but such as those 
Corps imploy to bake in any of those ovens. The Royal Highland 
Regiment to striek their tents and march immediately to the Land- 
ing Place, and they will send their tents and baggage in batteaux. 

Ticonderoga, 1st August, 1759. As a number of shoes are come 
up, intended for the use of the Army, and Avill be delivered to them 
at the prime cost in England, which three shillings and six pence 
per pair. The Regiments may receive in the following manner 
and proportion, or as many of that proportion as they like to take 
by applying to Mr. Tucker, agent to Mr. Kilby at the Landing 
Place. Royal Highlanders 366. 

Capt. Reid is appointed Major to the Royal Highland Regi- 
ment. 

Crown Point, 5th August, 1759. Collo. of the day tomorrow 
Regulars Collo. Grant; Field officer for the Picquits tomorrow 
night Maj. Reid. 

CroAvn Point, 6th August, 1759. Adjutant of the day tomor- 
row Royal Highlanders. As twenty-four barrels of Spruce beer 
is come to the fort the corps may send for it immediately in the 
following proportions * * * Royal Highlanders, three barrels. 

Crown Point, 7th August, 1759. Corporal Sinclair of the 
Highlanders and Parceloo of the Inniskilling Regiment with 16 
leabrours used to digging to attend Lieut. Gray tomorrow at 5 
o'clock; the evening gun is the signal for the working party to 
leave of work. 

Crown Point, 8th August, 1759. The Regulars to receive 4 
days provisions tomorrow of pork, beginning at Revallie Beating 
by Forbes followed by Royal Highlanders, etc. It is concluded 
that they have their bread from Ticonderoga as was ordered. 

Crown Point, 10th August, 1759. Ens. Gregor of the Royal 
Highlanders * * * are appointed overseers of the works that are 
carrving on at the fort. They will attend Lieut. Col. Eyre tomor- 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 79 

row morning at 5 o'clock and follow such directions as they shall 
receive from him. 

Crown Point, 11th August, 1759. Collo. of the day tomorrow. 
Collo. Grant. For the building of the fort the following quarriers 
* * * five of the Royal Highlanders * * * to attend Lieut. Col. 
Eyre tomorrow morning at the hour of work, and are to continue 
daily to work as quarriers. 

Crown Point, 12th August, 1759. Adjutant of the Day to- 
morrow. Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 14th August, 1759. Field officer for the work 
tomorrow. Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 15th August, 1759. The following Surgeons 
Mates are to join the Regiments and serve as Mates in room of Of- 
ficers serving as such; Mr. Goldthwat an additional Mate in the 
Royal Highlanders to be put on the establishment of Forbe's, Mr. 
Carter to the Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 16th August, 1759. The following sawiers are 
to attend Lieut. Col. Eyre tomorrow at 5 o'clock: * * * Royal 
Highlanders, Robert Kennedy, John McFarling and Robert Bain. 
The following masons are likewise to attend Lieut. Col. Eyre tomor- 
row morning at 5 o'clock: * * * Royal Highlanders, Dougal Me- 
Keafter and John Stewart. The above artificers are to work daily 
and to follow such directions as they shall receive from Lieut. Col. 
Eyre. 

Crown Point, 17th August, 1759. Collo. of the day tomorrow, 
Collo. Grant. The following masons to attend Lieut. Col. Eyre 
tomorrow morning at five o'clock: * * * Royal Highlanders An- 
gus McDonald and William Milligan. 

Crown Point, 18th August, 1759. Adjutant of the day tomor- 
row. Royal Highlandes. 

Crown Point, 24th Aug., 1759. Adjutant of the day. tomor- 
row. Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 27th August, 1759. The following soldiers to 
attend Lieut. Eyre tomorrow morning at 5 o'clock and to take their 
directions from him: Royal Highlanders, John Fraser, John Mc- 
Elvore, James Bruce, Allex'r Sutherland. 

Crown Point, 28th Aug. Field Officer of the work tomorrow- 
Major Reid. 



80 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Crown Point, 30 August, 1759. Adjutant of the day, Royal 
Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 1st Sept. Collo. of the day, tomorrow, CoUo. 
Grant. 

Crown Point, 3d September, 1759. JohnMcNeal, Grenadier 
in Royal Highland Regiment, * * * to attend Lieut. Col. Eyre this 
day at 12 o'clock and to follow such directions as he shall give. 

Crown Point, 4th Sept., 1759. Collo. of the day, tomorrow, 
Collo. Grant. Field Officer for the work. Major Reid. The men 
of the Royal Highland Regiment who have been employed in mak- 
ing baskets will be paid for the same by the Quartermaster's ap- 
plying to Mr. Gray this afternoon after the work is over. The 
Regiments to receive tomorrow morning two pounds of fresh meat 
and one pound of rice for the number of men set opposite the names 
of each corps, and the Regiments are to apply said fresh beef and 
rice entirely for the use of the sick. Royal Highlanders 22. 

Crown Point, 5th Sept., 1759. Field Officer for the works to- 
morrow, Major Reid. Adjutant of the day, tomorrow. Royal High- 
landers. Allex'r Forbes of the Royal Highlanders, mason, to ac- 
company Lieut. Col. Eyre tomorrow and follow such directions as 
he shall give. 

Crown Point, 6th Sept. Serjt. Clark of the Royal Highlanders 
to be one of the four sergeants to attend the works daily and to 
receive directions from Lieut. Col. Eyre. 

Crown Point, 7th Sept. For the day, tomorrow, Collo. Grant. 

Crown Point, 11th Sept. Adjutant of the day tomorrow. 
Royal Highlanders. A general court martial of the Regulars to sit 
tomorrow at the President's Tent at 8 o'clock; Collo. Foster,, Presi- 
dent, Major John Campbell, Major Reid, * * one captain of the 
Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 12th Sept. A detachment of 100 Grenadiers, 30 
of the Light Infantry of Regiments, non-commissioned officers in 
proportion to be commanded by a captain of the Grenadiers and 2 
Subalterns of each Corps to parade tomorrow at Revallie beating 
on the left of the front of the light infantry and to take 30 bat- 
teaux to Ticonderoga where he is to apply to the Commissary and 
load 15 with 30 barrels of flour in each batteaux, the other 15 with 
16 barrels of pork each. The Royal Highland Regiment to furnish 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 81 

the batteaux and the captain commanding the party will see them 
this night that they may be ready to set off at Revallie beating and 
to return as soon as they are loaded. 

Crown Point, 15th Sept., 1759. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. Field Officer for the Picquits this night, Regulars Major 
Reid. Field officer for the works tomorrow. Major John Campbell. 

Crown Point, 16th Sept., 1759. Field Officer for the works to- 
morrow, Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 17th Sept. Adjutant of the day tomorrow, 
Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 18th Sept., 1759. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. 

Crown Point, 21st Sept., 1759. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. For the Picquits this night, Major Reid. Field Officer for 
the works tomorrow. Major John Campbell. 

Crown Point, 23d Sept., 1759. Adjutant of the day tomorrow, 
Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 25th Sept. Lieut. Tolmey of the Royal High- 
landers is appointed Overseer for the work on the fort and to re- 
ceive his directions from Lieut. Col. Eyre. 

Crown Point, 26th Sept., 1759. Field officer for the Picquits 
this night. Major John Campbell ; tomorrow night. Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 27th Sept., 1759. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. Field Officer for the Picquits this night. Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 29th Sept. Adjutant for the day tomorrow, 
Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 30th Sept.. 1759. Collo. of the day tomorrow, 
Collo. Grant. 

Crown Point, 2d Oct., 1759. Field Officer for the Picquits this 
night. Major John Campbell ; tomorrow night. Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 3d October. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. Field Officer for the Picquits this night, Major Reid, 
Field Officer for the works tomorrow, John Campbell. A General 
Court martial of the Regulars to sit at the President's tent tomor- 
row at 9 o'clock * * * two captains of the Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 5th Oct., 1759, Adjutant of the day tomorrow, 
Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 6th Oct., 1759. For the day tomorrow. Collo. 
Grant. The regular regiments to give in their cartridges that are 



82 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

damaged this day to the artillery and to receive as much powder, 
paper, ball and twine as will compleat their ammunition. The 
Royal Highlanders 475. 

Crown Point, 7th October. The Regiments to prepare their 
batteaux to the following numbers and to have their sails fixed 
according to patern Col. Haviland approved of; * * * Royal 
Highlanders 24, * * * 

CroM^n Point, 8th October. Royal Highlanders are to take 
two batteaux more than what were ordered yesterday. 

Crown Point, 9th October. For the day tomoiTow, Collo. 
Grant. Field Officer for Picquits this night. Major Reid. The un- 
dermentioned Corps are to send a batteaux each at Retreat beating 
to Ticonderoga to receive tomorrow morning the following number 
of loaves weighing six pounds and a half each ; they are to pay to 
the person Gen. Lyman appoints to receive the money the follow- 
ing sums being one penny sterling for baking seven pounds of 
flour : Royal Highlanders 460 loaves, 1 : 7 ; 8 Sterling. * * * 

The Royal Highlanders are to leave a Subaltern Officer each, 
exclusive of officers employed as overseers at the King's Works, 
with three Sergeants, three Corp 'Is each with the men that are left 
behind ; when the Regiments march, the officers and men of each 
corps will encamp on the Center of the encampment of the Corps 
* * * and a sentry to be kept in the encampment that nothing 
may be spoiled or taken away during the absence of the Regiment. 
The Regiments are to give the following nimibers for the Brig and 
Sloop and will send seamen if they have them : For the Brig, * * 
Royal Highlanders 14 men. 

Cro^vn Point, 11th Oct., 1759. Adjutant of the day tomor- 
row, Roj^'al Highlanders. 

On Lake Shamplaine, 12th Oct., 1759. Collo. for tomorrow, 
Collo. Grant. 

Ligonier Bay, 14th Oct., 1759. Field Officer for the Picquit 
this night. Major John Campbell; tomorrow night. Major Reid. 

Lake Shamplaine, 15th Oct., 1759. For the day tomorrow, 
Collo. Grant. Field Officer for the Picquits this night. Major Reid. 

Camp at Schuylers Island, 18th Oct., 1759. For the day to- 
morrow, Collo. Grant. 

Crown Point, 22nd Oct., 1759. Adjutant of the day tomor- 
row, Royal Highlanders. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 83 

Crown Point, 25th October. 22 men of the Royal High- 
landers are to be sent to the Hospital at Fort Edward. * * The 
surgeon of the Royal Highlanders is to attend them to Fort Ed- 
ward, a Corporal and 6 men of the Royal Highlanders with one 
batteaii * * * are to convey the sick to the Sawmills, where the 
officer will leave the batteau with Lieut. Col. Miller and march the 
sick to the Landing Place. 

Crown Point, 27th Oct., 1759. For the day tomorrow, CoUo. 
Grant. Field Officer for the Picquits this night. Major Reid. 

Crown Point, 28th Oct., 1759. Adjutant for the day tomor- 
row. Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 30th October. Officer for the day, tomorrovv, 
Collo. Grant. A General Court martial to be held at the Presi- 
dent's Tent tomorrow at 9 o'clock to try all such prisoners as shall 
be brought before them; Col. Grant, President, * * * One Cap- 
tain of the Royal Highlanders. 

Crown Point, 31st Oct., 1759. Field Officer for the Picquits 
this night, Major Reid. The General Court martial of which Collo. 
Grant was President is dissolved ; the Prisoners of the Royal High- 
land Regiment is acquitted. 

Crown Point, 1st Nov., 1759. For the day tomorrow, Collo. 
Grant. 

Crown Point, 3d Nov., 1759. For the Picquits tomorrow 
night. Major John Campbell ; for the works tomorrow, Major John 
Campbell ; Adjutant of the day tomorrow. Royal Highlanders. 

N 

COLONEL ROGER TOWNSHEND. 

Roger Townshend, fifth son of Charles Viscount Townshend, 
was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel 1st Feb., 1758, and served 
as Adjutant-General in the Expedition against Louisbourg, and 
Deputy Adjutant- General in this Campaign with Rank of Colonel. 
He was killed in the Trenches before Ticonderoga by a cannon ball 
on the 25th July, 1759, and his remains were transmitted to Al- 
bany for interment. His spirit and military knowledge justly 
entitled him to the esteem of every soldier; and accordingly the 
loss of him was universally lamented. 

Knox I, 360. 389. 401, 403. 
Wilson's Orderly Book, page 77 



84 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, 

Supplement to the New York Mercury, Tuesday, July 31, 1759. 
Extract from a letter dated Albany, July 29, 1759, 
"The same evening (July 27), an Express arrived from Ti- 
eonderoga, with an account of Colonel Townshend being killed, 

in reconnoitering the Fort, by a cannon ball. 

****** 

Yesterday about 12 o'clock, Colonel Townshend 's corpse ar- 
rived here, and was decently interred." 



The following is a copy of the inscription on the monument 
to Col. Townshend in Westminster Ahhey : 

"This Monument was erected 

By a disconsolate Parent 

The Lady Viscountess Townshend 

To the Memory of her Fifth Son ^ 

The Hon'ble Lieut. Colonel Eoger Townshend 

who was killed by a Cannon Ball 

on the 25th of July, 1759, in the 28th year of his age 

as he was reconnoitring ye French lines at Ticonderoga 

In North America 

From the Parent the Brother and the Friend 

His sociable and amiable manners 

His enterprizing Bravery 

And the Integrity of his Heart 

May claim the tribute of affliction 

Yet Stranger weep not 

For tho' premature His Death 

His life was glorious 

Enrolling Him with the names 

of those Immortal Statesmen and Commanaers 

Whose wisdom and Intrepidity 

In the course of this Comprehensive and Successful War 

Have extended the Commerce 

And upheld the Majesty of these Kingdoms 

Beyond the idea of any former age." 



The following is an extract from a Iriter from the head verger 
of Westminster Ahhey : 

"I should like to draw your attention to the broken 
bayonet in the upper part of the Townsend monument. 
It is a relic of the struggle between the French and English in 




Photo by Head Verger. Especially for this Association Work 

MONUMENT TO LIEUT. COLONEL ROGER TOWNSHEND IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY 

iThe Bayonet on Monument Found on Battle Field of Ticonderoga and placed on Memorial by Dean Stanley) 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 85 

North America and it comes from Ticonderoga and may have been 
used in that particular 'march to Ticonderoga, where Col. Town- 
shend was killed. It was given to Dean Stanley when in America 
and he fixed it on the monument as he did the wreath of leaves 
on the monument of Major Andre. 

Lord Eversley, who when H. M. first Commissioner of Works 
was the Rt. Hon. J. G. Shaw Lefevre— is much struck by the Town- 
shend inscription, especially the latter part, which, he has told me, 
is worthy of Edmund Burke and which I know he would like to 
attribute to that great orator and statesman." 



O 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

A Military History of Perthshire, 1660-1902. Edited by the 
Marchioness of Tullibardine. Perth R. A. & J. Hay, 1908. 

Chronicles of the Atholl and Tullibardine Families. Collected 
and arranged by John, Seventh Duke of Atholl, K. T., in Five 
Volumes. Ballantyle Press, 1908. 

Sketches of the Character, Manners and Present State of the 
Highlanders of Scotland, with details of the Military Service of 
the Highland Regiments, by Colonel David Stewart (of Garth), 
Edinburgh. Archibald, Constable & Co., 1822. 

The Scottish Highlands, Highland Clans and Regiments, by 
John S. Keltic, F. S. A. S. Edinburgh, A. Fullarton & Co. 

The Regimental Records of the British Army, by John S. Far- 
mer, London, Grant Richards, 1901. 

An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch High- 
landers in America, etc., by J. P. INIacLean, Ph. D. Cleveland, 
The Helman-Taylor Co. Glasgow, John ]\IacKay, 1900. 

Historical Record of the 42nd or Royal Highland Regiment 
of Foot. 1729-1844. Illustrated. London, Parker, 1845. 

Historical Record of the 73rd Regiment, 1780-1851. Illus- 
trated. London. Parker, 1851. 

Chronology and Book of Days of the 42nd Royal Highlanders, 
The Black Watch, 1729-1905. Berwick-on-Tweed, Martin's Print- 
ing AVorks, 1906. 



86 KEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

History of Black Watch. Johnston, 1893. 

The Black Watch. The Record of an Historic Regiment, by- 
Archibald Forbes, LL. D. Cassell & Co., 1910. 

Black Watch Episode of the Year 1731, by H. D. Mac William. 
Johnstown, 1908. 

Short History of the Black Watch, 1725-1907. Blackwood, 
1908. 

The Official Records of the Mutiny in the Highland Regiment 
(The Black Watch), A Loudon Incident of the Year 1743, by 
H. D. MacAVilliam. Johnston. 1910. 

Legends of the Black Watch, by James Grant, Routledge, 1904 

Brown's Highland Clans. 

Knox's Journal. 

Beaston's Naval and Military Memoirs. 

A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Chambers. 
Glasgow, 1832-35. 

Pennsylvania Colonial Records. 

Correspondence of William Pitt when Secretary of State, with 
Colonial Governors, etc., by Gertrude Selwyn Kimball. MacMil- 
lian, 1906. 

Commissary Wilson's Orderly Book. Expedition of the Brit- 
ish and Provincial Army under Maj. Gen. Jeffrey Amherst, against 
Tieonderoga and CrowTi Point, 1759. Albany, J. Munsell. Lon- 
don. Trubner Co., 1857. 

New York Colonial Manuscript, by Broadhead, Weed, Par- 
sons & Co., Albany, 1856. 

History of Canada. Translated from L'Histoire du Canada 
by F. X. Garneau, by Andrew Bell. Richard Worthington & Son, 
Montreal, 1866. 

Illustrated Histories of the Scottish Regiments by Lieut. Col- 
onel Percy Groves. Illustrated by Harry Payne. Edinburgh, 
1893. 

The Regimental Records of the 1st and 2nd Battalions The 
Black Watch. 

The Regimental Records of the Perthshire Militia, now the 
3rd Battalion, The Black Watch. 

Cannon's Official History of the 42nd, 1729-1844. 

Cannon's Official History of the 73rd, 1779-1850. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 87 

The Annual Register. 

Records and Badges of the British Army. Chichester. 
Standards and Colors of the Army. Milne. 
AVar Medals of the British Army. Carter and Long. 
The Black Watch. Andrew Picken. 
Reminiscences of a Campaign. John Malcolm, 42nd. 
Retrospect of a Military Life, Q. M. S. Anton, 42nd. 
Fontenoy, The Campaign of. Skrine. 
Mangalore, The Seige of. By an Officer Present. 
Recollections of a Military Life. Sergeant Morris, 73rd. 
Military Reminiscences (Polygar Campaigns). Colonel 
Welsh. 

Five Years in Kaffirland (Second War). Mrs. Ward. 

Campaigning in Kaffirland. 

The 5th Regiment Royal Scots of Canada. Captain Chambers. 

History of the British Army. J. W. Fortescue. 

Memoirs of Sergeant Donald Macleod. Late 42nd. 

Reminiscences of a Veteran. Alexander Robb, Late 42nd. 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE SCOTCH HIGHLANDERS IN 
WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

The final success of the sons of Captain Lauchlan Campbell 
in obtaining redress inspired others who had belonged to the Lauch- 
lan Campbell New York colony to petition for a similar response 
for their hardships and losses. In 1764 they succeeded in obtain- 
ing a grant of 47,450 acres located in the present township of Ar- 
gyle and a small part of Fort Edward and Greenwich. The origi- 
nal plan included a stately street from the banks of the Hudson 
River on the east through the tract upon which each family should 
have a town lot that he might not only enjoy the protection of near 
neighbors but also have the companionship of which the High- 
lander is so particularly fond. The plan, however, made no allow- 
ance for the rugg-ed nature of the country and consequently the 
magnificent street was located over hills whose proportions pre- 
vented its use as a public highway while some of the lots were un- 
inhabitable. 



S8 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION". 



Anderson 


, Mary. 


Baine, Mary. 


Belton, Mary. 


Campbell 


Catherine. 


Campbell 


Mary. 


Campbell 


Elizabeth. 


Campbell 


Archibald. 


Campbell 


Duncan. 


Campbell 


Alexander. 


Campbell 


Malcolm. 


Campbell 


Marian, 


Campbell 


George. 


Campbell 


James. 


Campbell 


Duncan, Jr. 


Campbell 


John. 


Campbell 


Duncan, Sr. 


Campbell 


Robert, Jr. 


Campbell 


Ann. 



The following- is an alphabetical list of the grantees and fur- 
ther information as to the location of the lots can be obtainetl 
from "Highlanders in America," by MacLean, pages 184 to 186. 

Lindsey, Duncan. 
Livingston, Isabella. 
McAnthony, Ann. 
McAlpine, Dougall. 
McArthur, Duncan. 
McAllister, Charles. 
McArthur, Patrick. 
McAlpine, Robert. 
McAllister, Barbara. 
McAllister, Margaret. 
McArthur, Charles. 
McArthur, John. 
McArthur, Alexander. 
McCore, Archibald. 
McCullom, Archibald. 
McCarter, John. 
McCarter, Archibald. 
McCoy, Edward. 
McCore, John. 
McCarter, Catherine. 
McDonald, Allan. 
McDuffie, Ann. 
McDougall, Donald. 
McDuffie, Duncan. 
McDuffie, John. 
McDonald, James. 
McDonald, John. 
McDougall, Duncan. 
McDougall, Agnes. 
McDuffie, Donald. 
McDougall, John. 
McDougall, Hugh. 
McDougall, Archibald. 
McDougall, Angus. 
McDougall, Alex. 
McDuffie, Malcolm. 
McDonald, Neil. 
McDonald, Alex. 
McEwen, John. 
McEwen, Archibald. 
McEwen, Marian. 
McEwen, Hannah. 
McEachron, Neil. 



Cargill, Elizabeth. 
Cargill, Jane. 
Cargill, James. 
Cargill, John. 
Cargyle, Margaret. 
Caldwell, Elizabeth. 
Clark, Daniel. 
Christie, Alexander. 
Clark, AVilliam. 
Eraser, Elizabeth. 
Eraser, William. 
Ferguson, Jenette. 
Gillaspie, Neil. 
Gilchrist, John. 
Gilchrist, Alexander. 
Graham, William. 
Graham, Mary. 
Graham, Angus. 
Gilchrist, Margaret. 
Gillis, James. 
Gilchrist, Duncan. 
Hammel, Mary. 
Hunter, William. 
Johnson, Daniel. 
Lindsey, David. 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



89 



McEloroy, Hugh. 
McFadden, Neil. 
McFadden, Duncan. 
McGowne, Mary. 
McGowne, Archibald. 
McGowan, John. 
McGuire, Duncan. 
McGowne, John, Jr. 
McGowan, John, Sr. 
McGuire, John. 
Mcllfender, Catherine. 
Melntyre, John. 
Mclntyre, Donald. 
McKerwan, Duncan. 
McKallor, Dougall. 
McKenzie, Florence. 
McKenzie, John. 
McKallor, Edward. 
McKenzie, George. 
McLean, Catherine. 
McMullin, Donald. 
McNeil, Archibald. 
McNeil, Roger. 
McNeil, Morgan. 



McNachten, Alexander. 
McLeod, Mary, 
McVarick, Florence. 
Montgomery, Alex. 
Montgomery, Hugh. 
Nevin, Archibald. 
Nutt, James. 
Nevin, Rachael. 
Ray, Elizabeth. 
Reid, Duncan. 
Reed, Roger. 
Reid, John. 
Shaw, Catherine. 
8haw, Duncan. 
Shaw, Donald. 
Shaw, John, Sr. 
Shaw, Neil. 
Torrey, John. 
Thompson, Eleanor. 
Thompson, Dougall. 
Taylor, Duncan. 
Torry, Mary. 
Torrey, David. 
AYidrow, Jane. 



McNeil, Elizabeth. 

For several years after 1764 the colony on the east and what 
is now Hebron township was augmented by a number of discharged 
Highland soldiers, mostly from Montgomery's Regiment, who set- 
tled on both sides of the line of the township. They had in all 
probability been attracted to this spot partly by the settlement of 
the colony of Captain Lachlan Campbell and partly by that of the 
Scotch-Irish at New Perth (Salem). These additional settlers took 
up their claims owing to a proclamation made by the king in Octo- 
ber, 1763, offering land in America without fees, to all such offi- 
cers and soldiers who had served on that continent and who de- 
sired to establish their homes there. 

Nothing shows more clearly than this proclamation the lofty 
position of an officer in the British service at that time as compared 
with a private. A field officer received four thousand acres: a cap- 
tain three thousand ; a lieutenant, or other subaltern commissioned 
officer, two thousand ; a non-commissioned officer, whether sergeant 
or corporal, dropped to two hundred acres, while the poor private 



90 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

was put off with fifty acres. Fifty acres of wild land, on the hill- 
sides of Washington County was not an extravagant reward for 
seven years' service amidst all the dangers and horrors of French 
and Indian warfare. 

Among the early buildings in New Perth (Salem), was a log 
church, said to be the first religious place of worship erected be- 
tween Albany and Canada. 



N. Y. Col. Manuscripts by O'Callaghan, page 904, Vol. 7, re- 
cords the fact that James Eddington, a reduced subaltern of the 
42d was granted, 22 Oct., 1766, 2,000 acres on the west side of the 
Connecticut River, in the Co. of Cumberland, and page 905, Vol. 
7, states that George Bremmer, late of 42d, was granted, 13 Feb'y, 
1767, 200 acres east of the Hudson River, in the County of Albany. 



The Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly for Oc- 
tober, 1910, Vol. XIX, No. 4, has the following : 

' ' ( Atholl ) Reference to the comprehensive ' ' Gazettier ' ' of the 
world, shows that the town of Athol here mentioned, Athol, Mass., 
is the only place in America so named (with the single exception 
of a small town in Northern New York). The only other locality 
so named is the district in the north of Scotland, embracing about 
450 square miles, elevated and very picturesque, Blair-Atholl, a 
fertile vale on the Garry and the forest of Atholl containing some 
100,000 acres are stocked with red deer and game. It gives the 
title of Duke to the head of the Murray family, it chief proprietor, 
whose seat is at "Blair Castle" near Mts. Benygloe and Gairn 
Gower. ' ' 

This is of two fold interest for as we have already seen there 
was close connection between the Black Watch of 1758-9 and the 
Murray family of Blair Atholl and as Athol in New York State 
was settled in the latter part of the Eighteenth Century by Cam- 
erons, McEwans, Murrays and McMullens from Blair Atholl it is 
quite possible that at least some of the settlers first saw the coun- 
try while serving with the Black Watch in the French and Indian 
War. 



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THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 91 

Q 

TICONDEROGA. 

Ticonderoga, familiar as the name of the historic fortress at 
Lake George, was written by Sir William Johnson, in 1756, Tionde- 
rogue and Tieonderoro, and in grant of lands in 1760, "near the 
fort at Ticonderoga." Gov. Golden wrote Tieontarogen, and an 
Iroquoian sachem is credited with Decariaderoga. Interpretations 
are almost as numerous as orthographies. The most generally 
quoted is from Spofford's Gazetteer: "Ticonderoga, from Tsin- 
drosie, or Cheonderoga, signifying 'brawling water', and the 
French name, Carillon, signifying 'a chime of bells,' were both 
suggested by the rapids upon the outlet of Lake George." The 
French name may have been so suggested, but neither Tsindrosie 
or Cheonderoga means "brawling water." The latter is probably 
an orthography of Teonderoga. Ticonderoga as now written, is 
from Te or Ti, "dual," two; Kaniatare, "lake," and -ogen, "in- 
tervallum, divisionem" (Bruyas), the combination meaning, liter- 
ally, "Between two lakes." Horatio Hale wrote me of one of the 
forms "Dekariaderage, in modern orothography, Tekaniataro- 
ken, from which Ticonderoga, means, simply 'Between two lakes.' 
It is derived from Tioken, 'between,' and Kaniatara, 'lake.' Its 
composition illustrates a peculiar idiom of the Iroquoian language. 
Tioken when combined with a noun, is split in two, so to speak, and 
the noun inserted. Thus in combining Tioken with Oneonte, 
'mountain,' we have Ti-ononte-oken, 'Between two mountains,' 
which was the name of one of the Mohawk castles— sometimes 
wTitten Theonondiogo. In like manner, Kaniatare, 'lake,' thus com- 
pounded, yields Te-kaniatare-oken, 'Between two lakes.' In the 
Huron dialect Kaniatare is contracted to Yontare or Ontare, from 
which, with io or iyo, 'great,' we get Ontario (pronounced On- 
tareeyo), 'Great lake,' which combined with Tioken, becomes Ti- 
onteroken, which would seem to be the original of Golden 's Tierdn- 
deroga." 

("Indian Geographical Names," by E. M. Ruttenber, page 71. 
Vol. VI, New York State Historical Association.) 



92 _. NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

R 

TESTIMONIALS TO THE BLACK WATCH. 

The Virginia Gazette, July 30, 1767, published an article from 
which the following extracts have been taken : 

"Last Sunday evening, the Royal Highland Regiment em- 
barked from Philadelphia for Ireland, which regiment, since its ar- 
rival in America, had been distinguished for having undergone most 
amazing fatigues, made long and frequent marches through an un- 
hospitable country, bearing excessive heat and severe cold with alac- 
rity and cheerfulness, frequently encamping in deep snow, such as 
those who inhabit the interior parts of this province do not see, and 
which only those who inhabit the most northern parts of Europe 
can have any idea of, continually exposed in camp and on their 
marches to the alarms of a savage enemy, who, in all their attempts, 
were forced to fly. * * * And, in a particular manner, the free- 
men of this and the neighboring provinces have most sincerely to 
thank them for that resolution and bravery with which they, under 
Colonel Boquet, and a small number of Royal Americans, defeated 
the enemy, and ensured to us peace and security from a savage foe: 
and, along with our blessings for these benefits, they have our 
thanks for that decorum in behavior which they maintained during 
their stay in this city, giving an example that the most amiable 
behavior in civil life is no way inconsistent with the character of 
the good soldier; and for their loyalty, fidelity, and orderly be- 
havior, they have every wish of the people for health, honor, and 
a pleasant voyage." 



Extract from speech by the elder Pitt in vindication of the 
employment of Highland Regiments, of which the Black Watch 
was the first raised of the eighty-six during the four wars between 
1739 and 1815. 

"I sought for merit wherever it was to be found; it is my 
boast that I was the first Minister who looked for it and found it 
in the mountains of the North. I called it forth and drew into 
your service a hardy and intrepid race of men, who, when left by 
your jealousy, became a prey to the artifice of your enemies, and 
had gone nigh to have overturned the State in the war before the 
last. These men in the last war were brought to combat on your 
side, they served with fidelity as they fought with valour, and con- 
quered for you in every part of the world." 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 



93 



COPY OF ALL REFERENCES TO THE BLACK WATCH OF 

THE TICONDEROGA PERIOD TO BE FOUND IN THE 

ARCHIVES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA 

AT OTTAWA. 

1 am indebted for this Memorandum to Arthur Doughty Litt. 
D., Archivist of the Dominion of Canada. 



1758. 

March 29, 
New York. 



Abercrombie to Haldimand ( 1 ) Plan of opera- 
tions settled at Home. Southern Operations. 



1756. 
New York. 



Corps, Blakeney's, Lord John Murray's, &c. 

B.6 p.35 

M.204-2 p.397 Shirley to Fox 



1756. 
June 21. 
New York. 



Just arrived from Albany Major Abercrombie and 
General AVebb arrived one on the 25th of June and 
the other the next morning with great part of Ot- 
way's Regiment and with all the Highland Regi- 
ments. &c. 

In a letter from Abercrombie to London dated 
Albany, 3d Aug., 1756. 

Col. Schuyler's New Jersey Regiment and four 
North Carolina Companies are barely sufficient to 
Garrison Oswego and keep the communication open 
to Schenectady and there remains the 48th Regi- 
ment together with Otway's and the Highlanders 
to Garrison Fort William Henry, &c., &c. 

M. 205-1 p. 

James Abercrombie to On the 15th April 

sailed from Plymouth and arrived here on the 16th 
June with General Otway's and Lord John Mur- 
ray's Regiments, &c. B.205-1 p.8 



94 

1756. 
Aug. 29. 
Albany. 



1756. 
Sept. 4. 
Boston. 



1756. 
Nov. 22. 
Albany. 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Loudon to Fox. 



Though I was informed that the whole Trans- 
ports with the Highland Recruits were arrived, I 
heard this morning that there were still five miss- 
ing, and that those that are come were very short 
of Provisions, they were victualled only for two 
months, &c., &c. M.205-1 p.240 

Shirley to Loudon. 



Upon this I beg leave to observe to your Lord- 
ship, that it appearing from Col. Webb's letter to 
me, dated from New York the 9th June, that Ot- 
way's and the Highland Regiments might be daily 
expected there (Oswego). 
I I 

What confirms me in the matter is, that your 
Lordship told me, when I had the honour to wait 
on you, when the day you set from New York, being 
the 26th July that the Garrison at Oswego was so 
Aveak, that the 44th Regiment was to be sent to 
strengthen it and at the same time your Lordship 
mentioned, that you thought 900 men, by which I 
suppose your Lordship meant Otway's and the 
Highland Regiments were but a few to cover the 
country. 

I 

M.205-2 p.306. 



Loudon to Fox. 



The 42nd Regiment, I quarter at Schenectady, 
from whence they take the posts, on the Mohawk 
river, &c. 



M.207-1 p.2 



THE BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA 95 

1757. Loudon to Pitt 

April 25. As the Garrison (Fort Henry) had been 

New York. troubled with the scurvy I had ordered Lieutenant 

General Otway's Regiment to relieve them, and 
Colonel Monro met the account of the attack being- 
made on the Fort on his march ; he immediately 
left his baggage, and made all possible dispatch to 
Fort Edward, where he received the account of 
their being retired. Colonels Gage and Burton fol- 
lowed him directly with the remains of the 44th 
and 46th Regiments and the Highlanders were set 
in motion from Schenectady. They all marched 
without Tents, and lay in the woods, &c. 

\ 

We have on that river (Mohawk), at Schenec- 
tady, and up to the German Flats, the Highland 
Regiment, upwards of a thousand men, &c. 
M.207-1. p.174. 

1758. Loudon to Pitt , 

Feb 'y 14. storming of 

New York. Fort Herkemer and I threw in part of the 42nd 

Regiment of Highlanders into Schenectady, that 
there might be no want of numbers for this service. 

M.208... p.2. 
Division of Manuscripts, 
February 22, 1911. 



THE BLACK WATCH MEMORIAL AT TICONDEROGA. 

The genesis of this memorial was an address made by the late 
Joseph Cook at the services held in front of the boulder erected to 
the heroes of Tieonderoga, Academy Park, Ticonderoga, N. Y., 
July 31, 1899, in which he made this remark: "There ought to be 
a memorial to the Black W^atch composed largely of Scotch High- 
landers who, with the Colonials charged Montcalm's entrenchments 
for eight consecutive hours." 



96 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 

The writer, wlio was secretary of the Tieonderoga Historical 
Society at that time, had the honor of being- the medium through 
which this chance remark became an enduring memorial of brick 
and stone. He was unsuccessful, however, until Mr. David Will- 
iams, then publisher of "The Iron Age," a summer resident of 
Tieonderoga at Rogers Rock, came to his assistance. Mr. Andrew 
Carnegie was the generous donor of the funds to build this mem- 
orial. The grants were in two amounts, the first gift for a public 
library with the usual provisions, and the second gift, with no 
limitations, with which to build an historical addition to the lib- 
rary, thus making it both a public library and historical building. 

The laying of the corner stone, Oct. 4, 1905, was made the oc- 
casion for one of the greatest celebrations Tieonderoga has ever 
seen. The Pipe band of the 5th Royal Scots of Canada, High- 
landers, noAv the 5th Royal Highlanders of Canada, from Mon- 
treal, and the Regimental band and a Battalion of the 5th Infan- 
try, U. S. A., from Plattsburgh, were the principal features of the 
parade. It was particularly appropriate that the Royal Scots 
should be present, as they are allied to the Black Watch and wear 
the same uniform. It was also an education to the thousands of 
spectators, few, if any of whom had ever seen Highlanders in full 
regimentals marching to the music of bagpipes. After the exer- 
cises of the day, the Royal Scots visited the ruins of old Fort Ti- 
eonderoga, about two miles from the village and the picture of a 
body of Highlanders with their scarlet coats and tartan kilts 
marching up the green slopes of the old ramparts, with the setting 
sun behind them, was one never to be forgotten and which probably 
had not occurred since the Revolution. 

The officers of the present Black Watch Regiment, then sta- 
tioned at Fort George, Scotland, being advised of the Memorial, 
sent the following letter to the secretary of the Tieonderoga His- 
torical Society: 

"Dear Sir: Your letter 9th Sept., 1905, on the subject of a 
Black Watch Memorial, has been perused by the Commanding Offi- 
cer and the Officers of the 1st battalion of The Black Watch, for- 
merly called the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment, and it was also 
submitted and discussed at the Annual Gathering of Black Watch 
Officers— past and present— recently held in Edinburgh. I am 




At "Allargiie 

MAJOR D. L. WILSON-FARQUHARSON, D. S. O. 

Representative of the Black Watch, at Unveiling of Memorial Tablet. Ticonderoga July 4. 190b 



'12 



THE P.T,Af:K WATCH AT TfCONDFROnA. 97 

authorized to inform you that all Ranks of the Regiment are prou-l 
to know that the Tieonderoga Historical Society has decided to ap- 
propriate an alcove in the Tieonderoga Free Public Library as a 
memorial to the 42nd Regiment, to commemorate their services in 
the engagement before Fort Tieonderoga on July 8, 1758. The 
suggestion contained in your letter, to the efl'ect that Officers of 
the Regiment might be disposed to erect a tablet on a wall of the 
Alcove to the memorj^ of the officers and men of the 42nd who were 
killed or wounded in the action has met with the unanimous ap- 
proval of those to whose notice it has been brought, and I am to in- 
form you that such a Tablet will gladly be provided and that the 
work of executing the Tablet will be entrusted to a London firm 
as soon as a suitable design has been decided upon. In order to 
assist us in choosing a suitable form of tablet I shall be much ob- 
liged if you can favor me with a rough plan of the alcove, the 
dimensions of the actual wall on which the Tablet will rest, and an 
idea of the general style of the building. 

I shall be glad to hear from you as soon as you can convenient- 
ly supply the information for which I have asked. 
I am, Sir. yours truly, 

D. L. Wilson Farquharson, 

Major The Black Watch. 

The exercises for the unveiling of the memorial tablet July 4, 
1906, was made the occasion for another grand celebration at which 
the full bag-pipe band of the 5th Royal Highlanders of Canada 
and a company of 50 men from the same regiment, making a total 
of 75 Highlanders, were a feature of the parade. Major D. L. 
Wilson Farquharson of the Black Watch, came over from Scotland 
to unveil the tablet in behalf of the Regiment. It was accepted by 
Frank B. Wickes of Tieonderoga for the Tieonderoga Historical 
Society. The address of the day was delivered by Senator Edgar 
T. Brackett of Sai'atoga Springs. 



98 



NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAT. ASSOCIATION. 



List of Officers, N on-Commissioned Officers and Partial List of 

31 en Composing Ticonderoga Detachment, 5th Royal 

Highlanders of Canada, Jidy Uh, 1906. 



Capt. A. F. Gault. 


A. Bishop. 


Capt. V. C. Buchanan. 


Jeffries. 


Capt. C. M. Monsarrat. 


J. A. McLean. 


Capt. J. Muir, Quartermaster. 


W. Marsh. 


Sergt. Major D. A. Bethune. 


J. Ferguson. 


Q. M. Sergt. B. Howard. 


J. Corbett. 


Col. Sergt. J. H. A. Mackay. 


J. Palmer. 


Staff Sergt. T. A. Gardiner. 


C. Myers. 


Staff Sergt. J. Phillips. 


C. Black. 


Sergt. C. Denman. 


J. Stuart. 


Sergt. P. Forde. 


J. Rooney. 


Sergt. T. Mitchell. 


Dean. 


Bugle Sergt. P. Broadhurst. 


A. Reid. 


Drum Sergt. F. W. Flood. 


A. Williams. 


Drum Major G. Foley. 


A. Betts, 


Pipe Major D. Manson. 


D. Reid. 


Sergt. J. MacLean. 


L. Pickering. 


Corp^ P. W. MacFarlane. 


Pipers. 


Corp. PI. Massey. 


R. Morrison. 


Corp. N. Manson. 


M. McLeod. 


Corp. P. Sutton. 


J. Ferrier. 


Privates. 


D. McArthur. 


J. Bayley. 


D. Brash. 


F, H. Benson. 


J. Husband. 


Walsh. 


B. Milligan, 


A. E. Smith. 


Drummers 


S. Tapster. 


J. Ryan. 


Scobie. 


Gore. 


P. Roache. 


Kemp. 


J. Coclcburn. 


Jones. 




THE BLACK WA 



AT TICONDEROGA 



BY 



FREDERICK B. RICHARDS, A. B. 



Secretary New York State Historical Association 



GLENS FALLS. N. Y. 



An Excerpt from Volume X of the Proceedings of the 
New York State Historical Association. 



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